Public Policy Reporting Class :: essays research papers

Pending approval from the General Assembly, the funding for older Illinoisans will receive nearly an eight share increase in the fiscal year 2001 budget for the Illinois Department on Aging.The states portion of the overall spending is $234.9 million and bills the Departments community of interests Care program at $205 million. The program provides senior citizens with home care services, adult day services and custodial care.The eight percent increase is drastically needed match to Carol Aronson, spokesperson for the Shawnee Alliance for seniors. Senior programs are underpaid compared to the services of Department of Children and Family Services with a much lower rate of funds for seniors, even with an eight percent increase, Aronson said.An additional $7 million has been allocated to the Elder Abuse and degenerate Program, an increase of 11 percent. Community based agencies will be able to respond to over 8,600 reports of abuse and neglect, which account for a projected increa se. The Elder abuse reports have been on the rise every year, prompting Gov. Ryan to alike respond to the problem by forming a new Elder Abuse Task Force.The Illinois Department on Agings Elder Abuse and Neglect Program responds to all reports of abuse of people age 60 and older. The program provides investigation, intervention and follow-up services to victims. Reports are increasing about 10 percent a year, as the older population grows and awareness of the problem increases.Jones 2The spring session was certainly fruitful for all Illinois seniors, said Illinois Department on Aging Director Margo E. Schreiber.The budget will help the Illinois Department on Aging fulfill its mission, and we are grateful to the Governor and legislators for their diligent work in addressing the needs and quality of life for the seniors in our state.While the bill awaits approval, a similar proposal for seniors, the 100 percent campaign, has been passed and is a working success according to Susan Pat terson, field coordinator for the Egyptian Area Agency on Aging, Inc. Specifically, Senate Bill 677, increased access to the states Medicaid program for those whose income is less than 100 percent of the federal poverty level, or $687 a month. Currently, the eligibility is set at $308 a month, or 47 percent of the federal poverty level. Through the 100 percent plan, in July 2000 the 47 percent income threshold will jump to 70 percent of the federal poverty level, which will change their income by an additional $184.

Dangerous Abortion Laws Essay -- essays papers

Dangerous Abortion Laws Does the sovereignty of a minors body also belong to their legal guardians and mainstream societies views of morality? The only answer to this question is absolutely not. Currently 28 states in the U.S. require p bental agree or notification in order for a minor to receive spontaneous abortion services.(Net 3) This is not a federally mandated law, but if the right-wing religious groups travel their way it will become just that.(Net 3) Requiring parental involvement in a minors decision to abort is unacceptable due to individualised choice, birth control, and health risk, issues. Although a judicial spread stooge over-rule a parental involvement law, a minor must prove either mitigate circumstances or her maturity in this decision.(Net 4) It must be understood that this bypass is not nor will it ever be, an antidote for the terrible consequences a parental involvement law can hold towards a minor. When a minor applies for a judicial bypass a mu ltitude of sources may influence the calculates ruling. That is if the judge chooses to hear her case. Amongst these influences lurk variants of all kinds. Variants that may encumber the minors chances of having her petition approved may include There are no set guidelines for a judge to follow, therefore personal discretion, bias, religion, and or opinions, may sway the judge to a truly unfair decision.(Net 4) When ruling on a minors level of maturity no set criteria designates a judges determinate factors. Having to go through the legal system can prolong a young womens pregnancy, which in turn increases cost, health risks, and emotional strain. The judicial system is an intimidating infrastructure for most adults.(Net 4) Therefore it imposes a frightening experience for a minor who has already taken so much upon herself in order to obtain an abortion. A severe drawback to judicial bypass is there is absolutely no guarantee of privacy.(Net 4) An excellent example of this occurs quite frequently in small close-knit towns where parental involvement laws are stringently enforced, and shot-gun weddings are used as an alternative to abortion. Judges who handle these situations are often local elected officials,so their decisions may be altered for campaign purposes.(Net 4) In local municipal courts a minor chances of being recognized by someone is all too likely. So a minors chances of having her ... ...ential abortion are logically the same as birth control dipensation. 3. Dangerous health risks make laws that may force teens to endure more than they choose or are able to, therefore such laws are never appropriate.Cons 1. Judicial bypass can make parental involvement laws more feasible. 2. Possible positioning effects. Bibliography Work Citation Page 1. Barans, T. Womens Reproductive Self-Determination. Pro-choice Right to Abortion. (www.wordwiz72.com/choice.html) *(Net 1) 2. Harris R, Yvette. Adolescent Abortion. Society. July-A ug.1997 v34. p20-22. *(Mag 1) 3. Health Risks. March of the Dimes Foundation. (www.noah.cuny.edu/pregnancy/march_of_dimes/pre_preg.plan /teenfact.html) *(Net 2) 4. Judicial Bypass. (www.prochoice.about.com/newsissues/prochoice/msub12.htm) *(Net 4) 5. Parental Consent for FamilyPlanning. APHA particular Sheet. (www.apha.org/legislative/factsheets/fs10.htm) *(Net 3) 6. Republican leaders vow to take quick action on Child Custody Protection Act. National Right to Life News. June 9,1998. v25. p1. *(Mag 2)

Epilepsy Essay -- Neurology Disorders Seizures Papers

Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent seizures which are unprovoked by any immediately distinctive cause (Hopkins & Shorvon, 1995). It is also known as a seizure disorder. A wide range of links and risk factors are associated with the condition, but most of the season the cause is unknown. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting approximately two and half million people in the US and about 50 million worldwide. Though seizures can occur at any age, epilepsy is most commonly seen in children and the elderly. Most respond well to treatment and can harbor their seizures, but for some it is a chronic illness. A clinical diagnosis is the first step to finding a potential cure for the disorder.The diagnosis of epilepsy is commonly made after the affected role experiences a second unprovoked seizure (Leppik, 2002). Diagnosis is often difficult, however, since it is unlikely that the physician will actually see the patient experienc e and epileptic seizure, and therefore must rely heavily on patients history. An electroencephalography (EEG) is often used to examine the patients thinker waves, and some course of studys of epilepsy can be revealed by a characteristic disturbance in electrical frequency (Bassick, 1993). The variations in frequency can take form as spikes or sharp waves (Fisher, 1995). The variations are divided into two groups, ictal electrograph abnormalities, which are disturbances resulting from seizure activity, and interictal electrograph abnormalities, or disturbances between seizures. The EEG can also micturate clues as to which region of the brain the disturbances arise from. Interictal temporal spikes will predict the side of seizure origin in 95% of patients if three times as ... ...sy (pp. 201-211). novel York, Plenum Press.McIntosh, G. (1992). Neurological Conceptualizations of Epilepsy. In T. Bennett (Ed.),The Neuropsychology of Epilepsy (pp. 17-37). New York, Plenum Press.Shorvo n, S. (1995). Drug Treatment of Epilepsy. In A. Hopkins, S. Shorvon, & G. Cascino (Eds.), Epilepsy (pp. 171-213). London, Chapman and Hall Medical.Thompson, P. (1991). Memory Function in Patients with Epilepsy. In D. Smith, D.Treiman, & M. Trimble (Eds.), Neurobehavioral Problems in Epilepsy (pp. 369-383). New York, Raven Press.Upton, A. (2002). Vagal Stimulation for Intractable Seizures. In W. Burnham, P. Carlin, &P. Hwang (Eds.), Intractable Seizures (pp. 233-239). New York, Kluwer Academic.Vining, E. (2002). The Ketogenic Diet. In W. Burnham, P. Carlin, & P. Hwang (Eds.),Intractable Seizures (pp. 225-231). New York, Kluwer Academic.

Julius Caesar Essay: Loyalty and Chaos -- Julius Caesar Essays

Julius Caesar  Loyalty and Chaos                  In the play, Julius Caesar, Shakespe ar suggests that a society without loyalty will inevitably find itself in chaos. Loyalty and homogeneous traits of love and faithfulness arguably form the mannequin of societies present and past. Negative forces such as ego, greed and the quest for power continually attack this framework. Julius Caesar illustrates the rapid decay of a Roman societys law and harmony, until it finds itself in the chaos of civil war before concluding in an uneasy order. The absence of loyalty in a society does not necessarily constitute chaos it is rather variants like extremism and shifting loyalties that are the problem.             It is true that the assassination of Caesar was a clear exercise of disloyalty and betrayal. The relatively cool relationships that Caesar had beforehand with the other cons pirators, made Brutus betrayal clearly the closely disloyal For Brutus as you know was Caesars angel Judge, O you Gods how dearly Caesar lovd him. This was the most unkindest cut of all. The sight of his beloved Brutus among the conspirators overcomes Caesar even more than his wounds- Ingratitude, more strong than traitors arms, quite vanquishd him then burst his mighty heart. This is supported by the most climatic line in the play- Et tu, Brute Then fall, Caesar Mark Antony also demonstrates disloyalty as he takes intentionally takes advantage of Brutus grace and goodwill, to turn the pool against him.             From the moment Caesar is stabbed, the... ...d, faithful and just to me, and his promise to revenge Caesars death. His theatrical well-timed words in his funeral oration incite the crowd to rampage through Rome, as he plays on the constantly changing loyalties of the citizens.          &n bsp  In the play, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare suggests that a society without loyalty will find itself in chaos. Loyalty, love and faithfulness form the framework of societies while negative forces such as ego, greed and the quest for power continually attack this framework. Julius Caesar illustrates the rapid decay of a Roman societys law and harmony, until it finds itself in the chaos of civil war. The absence of loyalty in a society does not necessarily constitute chaos it is rather variants like extremism and shifting loyalties that are the problem.    

Comparing Characters in Charles Dickens Bleak House and Great Expectat

Dynamic and Static Characters in Charles Dickens unembellished House and bully Expectations Bleak House and Great Expectations are novels in which Charles Dickens develops a range of characters whose behavior, although dramatic, is or sowhat far-fetched and implausible. However, it is precisely this implausibility, which allows Dickens to make sizeable statements indicative of the condition of niminy-piminy England. Dickens has a flair for giving characters exactly the amount of life required for their purpose in the novel. A tangible, fighting(a) character is likely to be multifaceted and intricate, however there are very fewer of these in Bleak House or Great Expectations. A few characters are complex, but stable and incapable of development. The way in which characters in the novels occupy their space is interesting, in that it adds to the drama, although in most cases it boosts the unlikelihood of the character. By examining some of the characters from each n ovel, it can be seen how this dramatic effect is achieved. Mr. set is an undercover detective. All three characters that he pursues in the novel ultimately end up dead. From his first introduction into Bleak House, he seems to be more mythical and illusory, kind of than tangible. His first appearance in the novel is when he materializes, from nowhere, in figurehead of Mr. Snagsby Mr. Snagsby is dismayed to see, standing with an absorbed face between himself and the lawyer, at a little distance from the table, a person with a hat and stick in his hands, who was not there when he himself came in, and has not since entered by the door or by either of the windows. It is not the case that Mr. Snagsby simply did not witness Mr. Bucket entering... ...o be rather monotonous. Nevertheless, these are all memorable characters from Bleak House and Great Expectations and serve their purpose in the novel well. Works Cited and Consulted Crawford, Iain. Pip and the demon the Jo ys of Bondage. Studies in English belles-lettres 28 (1988) 625-45. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Edgar Rosenberg. New York Norton, 1999. ----------- Bleak House. New York Penguin, 1985. French, A.L Imprisonment The Case of Great Expectations. Discussions of Charles Dickens, 82-92. William R. Clark, ed. Boston D.C. Heath & Co., 1961. Letwin, Shirley Robin. The Gentleman in Trollope Individuality and Moral Conduct. Cambridge, MA Harvard UP, 1982. Platz, Norbert H. The Symbolic Dynamics of the Gentleman Idea in the Victorian Novel. Literaturwissenschaftliches 38 (1997) 147-65. Comparing Characters in Charles Dickens Bleak House and Great ExpectatDynamic and Static Characters in Charles Dickens Bleak House and Great Expectations Bleak House and Great Expectations are novels in which Charles Dickens develops a range of characters whose behavior, although dramatic, is somewhat far-fetched and implausible. However, it is precisely this implausibili ty, which allows Dickens to make powerful statements indicative of the condition of Victorian England. Dickens has a flair for giving characters exactly the amount of life required for their purpose in the novel. A tangible, dynamic character is likely to be multifaceted and intricate, however there are very few of these in Bleak House or Great Expectations. A few characters are complex, but static and incapable of development. The way in which characters in the novels occupy their space is interesting, in that it adds to the drama, although in most cases it boosts the unlikelihood of the character. By examining some of the characters from each novel, it can be seen how this dramatic effect is achieved. Mr. Bucket is an undercover detective. All three characters that he pursues in the novel ultimately end up dead. From his first introduction into Bleak House, he seems to be more mythical and illusory, rather than tangible. His first appearance in the novel is when he m aterializes, from nowhere, in front of Mr. Snagsby Mr. Snagsby is dismayed to see, standing with an attentive face between himself and the lawyer, at a little distance from the table, a person with a hat and stick in his hands, who was not there when he himself came in, and has not since entered by the door or by either of the windows. It is not the case that Mr. Snagsby simply did not witness Mr. Bucket entering... ...o be rather monotonous. Nevertheless, these are all memorable characters from Bleak House and Great Expectations and serve their purpose in the novel well. Works Cited and Consulted Crawford, Iain. Pip and the Monster the Joys of Bondage. Studies in English Literature 28 (1988) 625-45. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Edgar Rosenberg. New York Norton, 1999. ----------- Bleak House. New York Penguin, 1985. French, A.L Imprisonment The Case of Great Expectations. Discussions of Charles Dickens, 82-92. William R. Clark, ed. Boston D.C. Heath & C o., 1961. Letwin, Shirley Robin. The Gentleman in Trollope Individuality and Moral Conduct. Cambridge, MA Harvard UP, 1982. Platz, Norbert H. The Symbolic Dynamics of the Gentleman Idea in the Victorian Novel. Literaturwissenschaftliches 38 (1997) 147-65.

Iron Increases Heart Disease :: essays research papers

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has afflicted man throughout history. Diet and hereditary factors obviously are the discern components in developing this condition. Foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats are often implicated in hastening or aggravating heart indisposition. Many disease states such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension have also been shown to increase a persons chances for CAD. Heart disease usually affects persons over age 60, but can be seen in people who are much younger for various reasons. This disease remains the number one cause of hospitalization and death in the self-aggrandising population in western society (McCance and Huether, 1994).     The purpose of this literature review is to investigate research dealing with the subject of increased serum iron levels and the preponderance of CAD. Medical journals were primarily used for research data due to the nature of the subject and the need for in-depth analysis.    & nbspWhile it has the highest prevalence of any disease, women experience only 30-50% of the coronary artery disease incidence and mortality of age-matched men (Meyers, 1996). Many feel that this may be due to the protective effect that estrogen has on the roue vessels of females. There may actually be a direct correlation to reduced serum iron levels due to menses. Whereas men " build-up" iron in the blood, women better themselves of iron buildup on the monthly basis. Meyers (1996) also states that oxidation, the process in which an atom increases its positive charges (Miller and Keane, 1992), of low density lipoprotein cholesterol is important in atherosclerosis, and since oxidation is catalyzed by iron, it has been hypothesized that the lower iron stores of women reduce their risk of CAD through lessened lipid peroxide, a by-product of oxidation.     Numerous studies have been conducted to actually see if a relationship between serum iron or serum tra nsferrin, (serum iron concentration divided by arrive iron-binding capacity), and heart disease or myocardial infarction, (heart attacks) exists. Sempos and Looker, (1994) used a total of 4518 men and women to conduct the first study of its kind on the subject of iron and CAD. Frequent serum iron levels, calm from 1971-74, and followed up through 1987, showed the risk of CAD was not related to serum transferrin levels in white men or women. Indeed, an inverse association of total body iron stores and overall mortality was shown, that is moderate to high serum transferrin associated with lower mortality.

Sometimes it is a single event which propels a child from innocence :: Free Essay Writer

Sometimes it is a single event which propels a baby from artlessness into adulthood. Discuss.Sometimes It Is A Single Event Which Propels A Child From InnocenceInto Adulthood. Discuss, With Reference To The Texts You Have filmThroughout The Course. (Jane Eyre + Red Room)Everyone has to grow up at some stage in their life, and in the threetexts I sop up studied the young children take over been almost thrown intoadulthood. This is because they get down experienced an emotionallypainful event, which forces them to come face to face with the harshand cruel realities of adult life.In each of the pieces of writing, the children argon all the young ageof ten when they go through the horrific incident that forces them tomature.In Jane Eyre, Jane is locked in the Red Room when she is precisely ten days old.for I was but tenIn The Lesson the boy hears of his fathers death when he wasa month past tenIn The Flowers, Myop is only ten when she discovers the body of thedeceased black manh oodShe was ten, Each of the writers makes the children in their texts such avulnerable age to increase the impact of the tragedy they have to gothrough. It makes the reader feel sympathetic for the child andconveys how painful the experience must be.In each of the texts, the children featured all come from variedbackgrounds, and have all been treated in different shipway before beingforced from childhood. Some have had happier childhoods than others.In Jane Eyre, Jane is an orphan whose p arnts were killed by TB? Sheis leftover in the care of her uncle, but he likewise passes away. Jane is thenleft to be looked after by her aunt, Mrs. Reed. Mrs. Reed made apromise to her keep up on his deathbed to treat Jane as she was herown, but she does not fulfil this promise. She treats Jane withinferiority, claiming she isless then a servantand excluding her from family activities. Due to the attitude of Mrs.Reed, her children take the same approach, and are unkind anddisrespectful towards Jane. Her eldest cousin thaumaturgy Reed continuallybullies Jane, making her life a misery. Bronts use of language asshe says each nerve I had feared him.The use of the phrase every nerve conveys the intensity of theterror that Jane feels due to Johns bullying.It is because of Johns taunting and abuse that Jane is unfairlylocked in the Red Room. She reacts to John throwing a library leger ather head for no reason.Sometimes it is a single event which propels a child from innocence Free Essay WriterSometimes it is a single event which propels a child from innocence into adulthood. Discuss.Sometimes It Is A Single Event Which Propels A Child From InnocenceInto Adulthood. Discuss, With Reference To The Texts You Have ReadThroughout The Course. (Jane Eyre + Red Room)Everyone has to grow up at some stage in their life, and in the threetexts I have studied the young children have been almost thrown intoadulthood. This is because they have experienced an emotionallypainful event, which forces them to come face to face with the harshand cruel realities of adult life.In each of the pieces of writing, the children are all the young ageof ten when they go through the horrific incident that forces them tomature.In Jane Eyre, Jane is locked in the Red Room when she is only tenyears old.for I was but tenIn The Lesson the boy hears of his fathers death when he wasa month past tenIn The Flowers, Myop is only ten when she discovers the body of thedeceased black manShe was ten, Each of the writers makes the children in their texts such avulnerable age to increase the impact of the tragedy they have to gothrough. It makes the reader feel sympathetic for the child andconveys how painful the experience must be.In each of the texts, the children featured all come from variedbackgrounds, and have all been treated in different ways before beingforced from childhood. Some have had happier childhoods than others.In Jane Eyre, Jane is an orphan whose parents were killed by TB? Sheis left in the care of her uncle, but he too passes away. Jane is thenleft to be looked after by her aunt, Mrs. Reed. Mrs. Reed made apromise to her husband on his deathbed to treat Jane as she was herown, but she does not fulfil this promise. She treats Jane withinferiority, claiming she isless then a servantand excluding her from family activities. Due to the attitude of Mrs.Reed, her children take the same approach, and are unkind anddisrespectful towards Jane. Her eldest cousin John Reed continuallybullies Jane, making her life a misery. Bronts use of language asshe saysevery nerve I had feared him.The use of the phrase every nerve conveys the intensity of theterror that Jane feels due to Johns bullying.It is because of Johns taunting and abuse that Jane is unfairlylocked in the Red Room. She reacts to John throwing a library book ather head for no reason.