Who Are Are, from Where We Came

First of all, if I want to interpreted by the way of religiones point of view then I think this topic goes to meanless way. I have a knowledge by which I can explan it in proper way. Today we should given the side and lates talk on a historin what they were saying about this topic. I want to commence with quetation â€Å" the world depend upon human, but the human are illution† Start with the Annonaki I think this will never wrong to mention the Annonaki first in my this topic. We should to exam him first in front of my friends. The Annunaki belonged from sumerian religion since 25oo year ago and after few years the sumerian group has been replaced by Akkadian and later to babylonians untill they have been converted to christianity. In islamic point of view the Annunaki is called a (jinn). He was basically worked of god. Lates come to main point †¦ the Annunaki was the superiour to the igiges. The igiges were working for Annunaki to digging the god in planet earth. After same era the igiges were rebiling againt the Annunaki and after some years the Anki suggested to created the humankind by the Annunaki blood in the process on tube mechanism to burn the mankind. In the statement the many historine weren,t believe on this but after 18, 19 century the tube mechenism of tube . after the development in this field the thinker commence the believe on this explanation. There are one other story about the human on the bases of science. The science teach us the human body is called a biological computer . the human body are attracted by the help of heart then the heart transmitted to entire body . the energy come to our body from over surround environment. By this energy the sencs working and on the bases of sencs the MRNA TRNA send the message to brain and the brain worked .

Health And Social Care Policy Health And Social Care Essay

Social, economic and industrial alterations have changed the forms of life globally. Changes in diet and physical activity forms have been cardinal to the rise of fleshiness among many of the universe ‘s population. Obesity was traditionally seen as a disease of high-income states merely, but it is now replacing malnutrition and infective diseases as a job exceeding societal divides. Obesity carries a higher incidence of chronic unwellness including diabetes, bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease. This paper will critically measure the current UK and NI policies aimed at turn toing the fleshiness epidemic. There will besides be a treatment around definition of policies, function of authorities in health care, old and current health care policies sing fleshiness in both Britain and Northern Ireland. The official computation for specifying fleshiness was set by the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) where grownups are registered fleshy and corpulent utilizing a expression of Body Mass Index or ( BMI ) , that is a individual ‘s weight in kgs divided by the tallness in meters squared ( DWP, 2012 ) . The chief restraint with utilizing organic structure mass index as an index is that it does non separate fat mass from thin mass ; so a individual could be healthy and have a low organic structure fat, but be clinically fleshy if they have a high plenty BMI. A individual is thought to be overweight if they have a BMI of 25.0 or more and corpulent if the BMI is 30.0 or more. Fleshiness has three categorizations: aˆ? Class 1 BMI 30 to 34.9 ( waist margin 102cm asset for males and 88cm asset for females ) . Person is categorised as corpulence aˆ? Class 2 BMI 35 to 39.9. Person is classed as corpulent aˆ? Class 3 BMI 40 and over. Is when a individual with a BMI of 40+ is said to be morbidly corpulent ( WHO, 2012 ) . Policy originates from the authorities that are in power, who are besides the legal authorization and have a position and counsel over all policy whether they be private or public ( Crinson, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Crinson 2009 Health policy is hypothesised in footings of macro and micro societal developments, with the macro degree reading the working of societal and formal constructions, such as the economic context of the province and the market, and the National Health Service ( NHS ) . The micro side focuses on the influence of policy from the degree of the health care professionals and the experience of the users ( Crinson, 2009 ) . Policy devising, harmonizing to a White Paper published by the Labour Government in 1999 provinces that it is a method in which a authorities construe their political vision into programmes and actions in order to do alterations that are required and wanted by the population ( Cabinet Office, 1999 ) . It was besides focused on modernizing the authorities scheme ( Cabinet Office, 1999a ) and the demand for more inclusive and reactive policy ‘s linked to people ‘s demands. It planned to vouch that policy devising was to go more forward thought and evidence-based, every bit good as right assessed and based on best pattern. It went on to observe the demand for improved grounds when addressing policy devising and to guarantee a more joined-up attack across authorities sections and bureaus ( Cabinet Office, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation wellness policy signifies determinations, programs and actions that are started in order to make elaborate wellness attention ends within a society. It goes on to observe that and clear and string policy can sketch an thought for the hereafter whilst helps to set up aims and points of orientation. A wellness policy can besides assist to plan a model and construct understanding in add-on to informing people ( WHO, 2006 ) . There are three cardinal policies countries within the Department of Health and they are National Health ( NH ) , Public Health ( PH ) , and Social Care ( SC ) ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) . The current theory has two dissimilar backgrounds ; the first is a public policy analysis that is favoured by the United States and Northern Ireland. The 2nd is favoured in the United Kingdom and is a societal policy theoretical construction ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) . Policies are intended to better on current commissariats in wellness and societal attention in the UK and purpose to vouch services that are funded or supported by the Department of Health are delivered in an unfastened and patient-centred manner ( www.dh.gov.uk ) . This was non ever the instance, as harmonizing to Crinson authoritiess were apathetic to the type of attention delivered within the healthcare service ; that was the concern of the physician. This was to alter in the 1970s when the economic system declined and revenue enhancement gross was reduced ( Crinson, 2009 ) . The axial rotation of the province in supplying wellness and public assistance to the public harmonizing to Crinson 2009 takes the position that there are five diverse conceptualizations and they echo differences between political and conceptual actions of the function that the province should play when presenting wellness and public assistance services ( Crinson, 2009 ) . The author goes on to give illustrations of these conceptualizations one of which is the neoliberal prospective that influenced the alteration in the wellness and societal public assistance policies of the Thatcher Government in the 1980s ( Crinson, 2009 ) . In the Political-Economic Critique, harmonizing to O'Connor et Al welfarism serves to construct consent for capitalist economy through the procedure of spliting the population into groups with specific demands. This he notes had the consequence of individualizing what are widespread societal and wellness jobs associates with life in a capitalist ‘s societ y ( Gough, 1979 ) . In a paper by David Berreby in which he asks the inquiry, why do people acquire fat and hazard major wellness job? , He believes the reply to this inquiry is capitalist economy and sites it as the chief cause of planetary fleshiness ( Berreby, 2012 ) . Conversely in a programme series aired on the BBC on the 11th July 2012 the newsman Jacques Peretti reports that our eating wonts were changed by a determination made in America 40 old ages ago. Peretti travelled to America to analyze the narrative of high-fructose maize sirup ( HFCS ) a calorie-providing sweetening used to dulcify nutrients and drinks, chiefly processed and shop-bought nutrients. The sweetening was backed in America in the 1970s by Richard Nixon ‘s agriculture decision maker Earl Butz to utilize extra maize grown by husbandmans. Cheap and sweeter than sugar, it quickly found its manner into about all convenience nutrients and soft drinks. HFCS is non merely sweeter than sugar ; it besides inhibits leptin, the en docrine that controls hunger, ensuing in the inability to halt feeding ( BBC, 2012 ) . This was backed up by grounds from Robert Lustrig an endocrinologist, who harmonizing to this study, was the first to place the dangers of high-fructose maize sirup ( HFCS ) . His findings nevertheless, were discredited at the clip. and a US Congress study sited fat, non sugar, for the dismaying rise in cardio-vascular unwellness and the nutrient industry responded with a series of low fat and ‘heart healthy nutrients in which the fat was removed. ( BBC, 2012 ) . Policy shapers encouraged husbandmans to overproduce maize and soy with the promise of foreign trade ( Philpott, 2008 ) . It was besides in the seventiess that Britain ‘s nutrient industries used publicizing thrusts to promote the thought of noshing between repasts. A fast nutrient civilization besides developed and fast nutrient ironss offered alluring nutrients and clients served themselves, and harmonizing to Ritzer this was the beginning of McDonaldization of Society. He goes on to compose how fast nutrient eating house contribute to the development of fleshiness and it accent on supersizing its parts ( Ritzer, 2004 ) . Conversely poorness increased in the 1970s under Thatcher Government and harmonizing to the Institute for Fiscal Studies in 1979 13.40 % of people in Britain lived below 60 % on average income before lodging costs. With this came a large rise in inequality and under the gini mark for Britain was up to 0.339 from 0.253 ( Crib, et al 2012 ) . Due to the comorbidities associated with fleshiness and their increasing cost to the NHS, the effects of fleshiness are presently and will go on to be of import public wellness challenges globally and in the UK. It impacts through society and across all life classs, and can increase the hazard of life endangering disease ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) .Appendix 1. Presently there is a model in Northern Ireland titled ‘A Fitter Future for All ‘ , this docket spans from 2012 to 2022. Within this paper it explains that in Northern Ireland 59 % of grownups are either fleshy ( 36 % ) or corpulent ( 23 % ) ( DHSSPSNI, 2012 ) . This policy addresses the demand to move from childhood based on grounds from the Foresight Report 2007, and is now a cross sectorial cohesive life class docket that will turn to fleshiness over the following 10 old ages ( Foresight Review, 2012 ) . The Department of Health has published a follow-on papers to the Public Health White Paper called ‘Healthy lives, healthy people: A call to action on fleshiness in England ‘ , which sets new national thrusts for a falling tendency in extra weight by 2020. The Undertaking Fleshinesss: Future Choices undertaking presented its findings on 17 October 2007 and the Undertaking aims to present a executable response to fleshiness in the UK over the following 40 old ages. It besides sets out illustrations of what is intended on a national degree to assist dispute fleshiness, one of these is called Change4life programme. In this programme it states it will assist consumers make healthier nutrient picks ( www.dh.gov.uk ) . This could be linked to Professor Marmot point, when he discussed behavioral picks as persons such as where to shop for nutrient, and how these determinations are dictated by the person ‘s socio-economic circumstance, and if they can afford the recommended good nutrient ( UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012 ) . ‘A fitter Future for All ‘ and ‘Healthy Lifes, healthy people ‘ are policies that both the British and Northern Ireland authorities support, but there are wider determiners of hapless wellness such as poorness and inequalities that play an of import function in fleshiness ( HM Government, 2010 ) . It could be argued that while policies such as these are aiming the causes of fleshiness, they are non actively seeking out realistic solutions to the job ; people may cognize they need to eat healthier, but merely can non afford to purchase the better nutrient. In developing states rates of fleshiness are inclined to lift, and this is associated with turning societal disadvantage ; turn toing societal want and material disadvantage is likely to cut down fleshiness ( Kouvonen. 2012 ) . Socio-economic category as a factor in wellness is non a new phoneme in the United Kingdom, as it has a history of many 100s of old ages. Harmonizing to Edwin Chadwick ‘s study on healthful conditions of the laboring population in Britain in 1842 showed that in Liverpool the mean age of mortality for people in the upper categories was 35 old ages, and 15 old ages for labor and retainers ( Richardson, 2008 ) . Inequalities still exist today, but have improved and in the Black study published in 1980 it states that there are still inequalities with respect to life anticipation and the usage of medical services ( Whitehead et al, 1992 ) . Harmonizing to the Foresight study ( 2007 ) a authorities scientific discipline think armored combat vehicle reported that most grownups are already overweight. It goes on to observe that modern life will guarantee that approaching coevalss will be heavier than the last, and by 2050, 60 % of work forces and 50 % of adult females possibly clinically corpulent. The study besides states the fleshiness is a many-sided and there is no grounds anyplace in the universe where fleshiness has reversed. Social policy models are overriding harmonizing to this study ( Foresight Review, 2012 ) . The Marmot Report the 3rd such officially approved analysis in every bit many decennaries examining the nexus between wellness and wealth. The findings confirmed an dismaying societal slope, the hapless non merely decease seven old ages earlier than the rich, but they can anticipate to go handicapped 17 old ages earlier. Professor Marmot continues to discourse behavioral picks we make as persons are portion of our societal and economic scenes. He believes that people born into more flush surroundings tend to follow a healthy life style, ensuing in health care differences between the societal categories ( UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012 ) . In 2011 the Chief medical Officers ( CMOs ) from across the UK published new schemes for physical activity, and they addressed a life class methodological analysis, and included guidelines for early old ages ( www.ic.nhs.uk ) . It could be argued this is a cover policy and it is widely known that poorer people have limited picks with respects to lifestyle picks such as gym ranks. Besides the study appears to put the duty of exercising on the person. Peoples from poorer socio-economic backgrounds have poorer lodging and environments that do n't promote physical exercising which could be due to societal civilization of where these people live and deficiency of resources ( UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012 ) . Addressing fleshy kids that become corpulent in ulterior life was issue raised by Dr Hilary Jones on Good Morning Britain, when he stated that fleshiness begins in childhood. He went on to state that the National Health Service and the Government know causes of fleshiness but a ctively forestalling it in childhood demands to be addressed ( www.gm.tv ) . Prevention of fleshiness is more accomplishable end than turn toing fleshiness when it becomes established, as some wellness jobs that are acquired through fleshiness remain an issue even after weight loss. Therefore authorities policies are largely directed at primary bar of fleshiness such as eating good, exercising and no smoke ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) . Social determiners of wellness are besides a cardinal factor in fleshiness in both kids and grownups. Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation the societal conditions in which people live are paramount to their wellness. It goes on to observe that deficiency of income, hapless lodging and deficiency of entree to healthcare installations are merely some of the factors taking to inequalities ( www.who.int ) . Medical attention on its ain can non adequately better person ‘s wellness and turn toing where people live and work is besides of import The societal determiners of wellness are the â€Å" upstream † societal, economic, and environmental factors that affect the wellness of persons and populations, including income, societal support, instruction and literacy, employment and working conditions. Downstream determiners, which include physical activity, clean air and H2O and healthy lodging. These factors can act upon wellness inequalities difference between societal groups that can ensue in fleshiness in poorer countries ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) . Incidents of Childhood fleshiness are higher in countries with a lower socioeconomic population harmonizing to National Health Service Information Centre study on fleshiness. It besides states that fleshiness is more widespread in schools in deprived countries. It besides noted that with Reception kids ( kids in the primary school age group ) 6.9 % of those in least disadvantaged countries were corpulent, in comparing to 12.1 per centum of kids in most disadvantaged countries ( www.ic.nhs.uk ) . In Northern Ireland statistics show that 8 per centum of kids ages between 2 and 15 old ages are corpulent, harmonizing to the Health Minister Edwin Poots. The wellness Minister went on to state that the likeliness of corpulent kids become corpulent grownups was likely ; this would set greater strain on the wellness and societal attention services due to the comorbidities associated with the status ( Northern Ireland Executive, 2012 ) . Governments province that wellness policies are micro driven, but in world it could be argued that they are macro driven as ultimately fleshiness will be more in the long tally due to fleshiness related unwellness such as diabetes and heat disease, and harmonizing to NHS website the cost will be ?4.20 billion per twelvemonth ( HM Government ) . Undertaking fleshiness is a challenge for non merely the UK, but globally and harmonizing to the Department of Health and Social Services Northern Ireland web site, corpulence and fleshiness will catch malnutrition and infective disease in footings of their cost to the wellness services and people enduring from the status ( www.dhsspsni.gov.uk ) . Appendix 2. It was non until 1999 that fleshiness was declared an epidemic in America and was considered to impact all racial groups and across all ages in United States ( National Medical Association, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to the information published there was an addition from 12 % to 18 % over a seven twelvemonth period utilizing a organic structure mass index ( BMI ) that was greater than 30 ( National Medical Association, 1999 ) . Historically obesity rates were low and unaffected until 1970s and 80s, and the obesogentic environment ( an environment that encourages and leads to fleshiness in persons that relates to the influence that contribute towards fleshiness such as nutrient, physical activity and environment. Many broader determiners of hapless wellness such as wellness inequalities, poorness and want play a important function, and these factors have non swayed over the old ages. In pre-war Britain big differences in mortality and morbidity degrees between rich and hapless were recogni sed as the norm by policy shapers. It was the debut of the National Health Service in the fortiess that brought with it hope that the societal category differences impacting wellness would worsen. It was n't until the seventiess that the Marmot Report stated people ‘s life style and fortunes have a direct consequence on their wellness ( Crinson, 2009 ) . The wellness deductions from fleshiness are huge and can finally ensue in a premature decease. Although fleshiness is caused by consumption of more energy through nutrient and drink than needed and the ensuing extra stored in fat in the organic structure, the position that obesogenic environment besides plays a portion in fleshiness is going widely accepted. Social and economic fortunes are besides evaluated in this paper as are the function of authoritiess and policy shapers, both in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. The overall position of this paper would be that policies are made by persons that have no penetration into what portion of society they are directed at such as disadvantaged and socio-economic countries that lack the agency and installations whereby persons feel that their part to society is valued and of import sufficiency for them to care about their ain well-being. Policies are non directed at one specific group such and the one size fits all does n't look to be working as fleshiness is now a planetary epidemic.BibliographyBBC ( 2012 ) ‘The Work force who made us fat: episode 3 ‘ , available at www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01kd06l ( Accessed 06/11/2012 @ 20.05 ) Berreby, David. ( 2012 ) . ‘Is Capitalism To Blame for Worldwide Obesity? ‘ Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //bigthink.com/Mind-Matters/is-capitalism-to-blame-for-worldwide-obesity ( Accessed 5/11/2012 ) Braveman, Paula. Egeter, Susan. Williams, R. William ( 2011 ) ‘The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age ‘ , Annual Review of Public Health, Vol. 32: 381-98 Cabinet Office ( 1999 ) ‘Modernising Government White Paper ‘ : available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm43/4310/4310.htm ( accessed 05/11/2012 ) Crib et Al ( 2012 ) ‘Briefing Notes on Jubilees compared: incomes, disbursement and work in the late seventiess and early 2010s ‘ , available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ifs.org.uk/publications/6190 ( Accessed 12/11/2012 ) Crinson, Iain ( 2009 ) ‘Health Policy, a critical prospective ‘ , SAGE, London Department of Health Public wellness ( 2012 ) ‘Adult societal attention, and the NHS: Obesity Document ‘ , available at www.dh.gov.uk/health/category/policy-areas/public-health/obesity-healthy-living ( Accessed 10/11/2012 ) Department of Works & A ; Pensions ( 2011 ) ‘Causes of Obesity ‘ available at, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-z-of-medical-conditions/obesity ( Accessed 05/11/2012 ) Department for Works & A ; Pensions ( 2011 ) ‘Definition of Overweight and Obesity ‘ available at, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-z-of-medical-conditions/obesity ( Accessed 05/11/2012 ) DHSSPSNI ( 2012 ) ‘Framework for Preventing and Addressing Overweight and Obesity in Northern Ireland: 2012-2022 ‘ , available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/framework-preventing-addressing-overweight-obesity-ni-2012-2022.pdf ( accessed 8/11/2012 ) DHSSPSNI ( 2011 ) ‘Safety, Quality and Standards: Safety and Quality Policy Document ‘ available at www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/index/phealth/sqs.htm ( Accessed 6/11/2012 ) Foresight Review ( 2012 ) www.foresightreport.com ( Accessed 08/11/2012 @ 9.50 ) GMTV ( 2012 ) www.gm.tv.uk ( Viewed 07/11/2012 @ 7.47 ) Gough, I. ( 1979 ) ‘The Political Economy of the Welfare State ‘ , Macmillan, Basingstoke HM Government ( 2010 ) ‘Healthy Lifes, Healthy Peoples: Our Strategy for Public Health in England ‘ , available at www.official-documents.gov.uk ( accessed 10/11/2012 ) NHS Information Centre ( 2011 ) ‘Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England ‘ , available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/003_Health_Lifestyles/opad11/Statistics_on_Obesity_Physical_Activity_and_Diet_England_2011_revised_Aug11.pdf ( Accessed 08/11/2012 @ 8.25 ) NHS Information Centre ( 2011 ) ‘Obesity Rising Among Concluding Year Primary School Children ‘ , available at www.ic.nhs.uk/ncmp ( Accessed 10/11/2012 @ 20.55 ) Kouvonen, Dr A. ( 2012 ) ‘What is Health Policy? ‘ , Lecture Notes Week 1: Lecture 2 Kouvonen, Dr A. ( 2012 ) ‘Current Issues in Health Policy: Obesity ‘ , Week 4: Lecture 2 National Medical Association ( 1999 ) ‘Obesity Declared an Epidemic in the United States ‘ , J Natl Med Assoc. 1999 December ; 91 ( 12 ) : 645 PMCID: PMC2608606 Northern Ireland Executive ( 2012 ) available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/media-centre/news-departments/news-dhssps/news-dhssps-08032012-obesity-cuts-life.htm ( Accessed 08/11/2012 @ 20.15 ) Philpott, T ( 2008 ) ‘A Contemplation of the Lasing Legacy of the 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz ‘ available at hypertext transfer protocol: //grist.org/article/the-butz-stops-here ( Accessed 7/11/2012 ) Richardson, W.B. ( 2008 ) ‘The Health of Nations: A Review of the Works of Edwin Chadwick ‘ , Volume I. BiblioLife, LLC Ritzer, G. ( 2004 ) ‘The McDonaldization of Society ‘ , SAGE, California UCL Institute of Health Equity ( 2012 ) ‘Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England: Post-2010 ( The Marmot Review ) ‘ , available at www.marmotreview.org ( Accessed 9/11/2012 ) Whitehead, M. , Townsend, P. , Davidson, N. , Daivdsen, N. , ( 1992 ) ‘Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide ‘ , Penguin Books Ltd ; New edition ( 29 Oct 1992 ) World Health Organisation ( 2006 ) ‘Commission on Social Determinants of Health ‘ , available at www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/csdh_brochure.pdf ( Accessed 09/11/2012 @ 17.56 ) World Health Organisation ( 2012 ) ‘Health Policy ‘ , available at www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ ( Accessed 05/11/2012 @ 8.50 ) World Health Organisation ( 2012 ) ‘Obesity ‘ , available at www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ ( Accessed 05/11/2012 @ 17.43 )Appendix 1

Compare how death is presented in three poems in the Anthology Essay

The three poems Remember by Christina Rossetti, Plena Timoris by Thomas Hardy and Refugee Mother and Child by Chinua Achebe all portray death in different ways. Rossetti explores the acceptance of death, whereas, in Refugee Mother and Child we see the unwavering love the mother has for the child. In the poem Plena Timoris the persona recalls how love can be so extreme that could lead to despair and death. What I found intriguing about these poems was how love could be both a dangerous and positive force towards the subject of death. Love could drive a person to their grave but also love could be the will for a person to stay strong and never giving up. Christina Rossetti a devote Anglican to whom church and family were paramount. It is known that two marriage proposals which did not live up to her religious fervour therefore she turned them down. Because of her religion Rossetti appears to have been obsessed with her own pending death in this poem. Her belief was that death was the ultimate goal for everyone, and because of such she very much planned her own pending death. The structure of this poem was in a Pertrachan Italian sonnet form. In this form poems are meant to be very structured and are need of following a strict rhyme scheme. However there was a change in rhyme scheme between the octet and sestet. In the octet the phrase â€Å"Remember me† was mentioned three times, but a sudden change was then noticed, as in the sestet â€Å"Forget me† was repeated twice. This change is used to suggest the possibility of forgetting and being happy rather having instructions to remember. This could show even before her death she was still doubtful between secular love and materialistic love. Chinua Achebe is a proud Nigerian who observed the civil war in his country and horrific suffering of the innocent refugees. In Refugee Mother and Child he relates the sadness of death between a child and a mother by writing in free verse. The line length of the whole entire poem was three lines. In the first stanza there is only one sentence, and in the last stanza two sentences were present. These long sentence increases the intensity on the images and also the enjambment suggests the suffering of these innocent refugees. Plena Timoris is set within the conservative morality of Victorian England where women had a subordinate and dependent position in a male patriarchal world. Hardy uses different tones throughout the poem to evoke how he thinks about love. He sees love in a very cynical view and is making an effort in portraying love is not everlasting but tragic and indecisive. In the first stanza the use of alliteration in â€Å"the lovers looked over† emphasizes love was lyrical and a harmony of life by the â€Å"l† sound produced. But in the second stanza onwards there was a sudden transition and the change of tone was turned emotionless and insensitive. From the phrase, â€Å"There’s a woman in the canal below† there is a sense of bluntness and matter of fact to it. This sudden contrast of tones between the stanzas just enforces how Hardy thinks about love. The rhyme scheme of this poem does not change, the structure is: â€Å"abbab, cddcd†. It is in a strict and orderly fashioned. This rhyme scheme reflects how Hardy feels abut love and death. That love would have happy times but at the end it will just lead to despair. Also by having such a strict rhyme scheme it also suggest how Hardy views women opinion in love. As this structure is so old fashioned it provides a kind of security and how the future is being set. This may be very well how women in the male patriarchal world viewed love therefore he viewed love in such a cynical way. In the poem Remember, Rossetti portrays death as an eternal and a beautiful thing, instead of fearing death like the other two poems. The persona appears to have been planning and waiting for her own pending death. Rossetti uses strong imagery to reveal about how she feels about death. The opening two lines of this sonnet â€Å"Remember me when I am gone away, Gone far away into the silent land† gives an idea of how she hints that she is dying. The phrase â€Å"silent land† could be translated as a cemetery or individual grave. It can also be seen as a metaphor as the phrase also suggests calm after life. All these techniques used by Rossetti could be seen that she is using euphemism to make death sound less harsh, and instead it is a goal that should be achieved by everyone. Whereas in the poem Refugee Mother and Child, Achebe reflects the sadness of death by creating a tragic atmosphere. This poem does so by introducing shocking images and strong words. In this poem it is full of pathos; it is a very emotional poem. The alliteration used in: â€Å"struggling in labored steps behind blown empty bellies† evokes a sense of harshness, as the â€Å"b† sound which is constantly repeated makes a very plosive sound. The juxtaposition used in â€Å"the rust – colored hair left on his skull† emphasizes how horrific death is towards the child. Not only is this phrase very descriptive but it also seems to describe the layers of death. It is very photo journalistic which makes the atmosphere very tragic and grave. In Plena Timoris death is conveyed in the strong imagery created by Hardy. The negative imagery in â€Å"And her arm dropt† symbolizes how because the woman in the poem sees love could lead to death it is in fear of it, therefore there is a loss of affection towards the man. The alliteration in â€Å"dim dreads† and â€Å"slowly sees† portrays a sense of insecurity coming from the woman. As she slowly sees how extreme love could lead the despair and death. Lastly, the phrase â€Å"till an arm upbore† in stanza two is a horrifying image. The word upbore gives a sense of death and the whole phrase conveys a sense of fear towards the subject death as it is being described as horror and terror. In Remember the poem creates a huge impact on readers. It is a poem which is very memorable. This is because Rossetti describes death in a very different way than most poets therefore standing out from the other poems. The repetition in this poem emphasizes the point of her point of view and the confusion between her religion and materialistic love. The phrases â€Å"Remember me† and â€Å"Forget me† was repeated a number of times and because of such it plays a great role in the poem. As it gives an impression on how Rossetti is judging between her church and her religious fervor. The strong descriptive imagery in the poem Refugee Mother and Child and the choices of word Achebe chooses makes this poem have a very strong impact on the reader. The beginning of the poem where allusion is used in: â€Å"No Madonna and Child could touch† by referring to a famous painting of Jesus and Mother Mary, emphasizes the point of love between the bonds of the mother and child very strongly. Also the strong imagery in â€Å"her eyes the ghost of a mother’s pride† gives an impression of how the mother is hanging onto the child’s life and as the child dies something inside the mother is dying too. These strong images are used often in Achebe’s poem, and because of such his poem have a strong impact on readers and this poem is very memorable. In Hardy’s poem it was very effective as the negative poetic techniques he uses describes about love in a very vivid and strong, also Plena Timoris gives an impact to readers because it shows very clearly the differences between love and death. The juxtaposition in† till hopeless despair began† gives a contrast between hope. By this phrase love is being described very negatively, and because of this the poem is very vivid in the readers mind. Also in the phrase â€Å"the girl’s heart shuddered; it seemed as to free her†. The semi colon used in this phrase is an intended pause to emphasize the sense of the women’s heart actually shuddering. Plena Timoris creates a strong impact on readers as the descriptive words he chooses allows the reader to imagine clearly what is happening. Personally I liked Refugee Mother and Child the most because Achebe boldly states that the human spirit and dignity of the Nigerian mother and the love she has for the child is greater than anything comparable in the Christian world. Though Hardy’s and Rossetti’s poem was not unforgettable pieces of work, I think Achebe’s is the better one because his comparisons stood out more than the ones Hardy had. Also the imagery he had and alliteration was stronger than Rossetti’s. By reading Achebe’s poem I felt and sympathized for the mother and child, and I thought the poets point was put forward very clearly on love and how strong it can be.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 51

History - Essay Example I also successfully fished in the nearby water to add to my food supply. My Health rating is poor – my choice of a bay marsh leads to a malaria epidemic and poisoning by brackish water. I chose to deal with disease because it is less deadly and controllable than being exposed to attacks if I will settle near the ocean. 8) Your goal was to be named Governor of the colony. What choices (as mentioned above) did you have to make to become governor, and what were the outcomes?   The decisions I made that promoted to become the Governor of Virginia were; I chose to plant tobacco and two sets of corn. I planted two sets of corn for food security and the appropriateness of the land for the crop. I did not plant wheat and sasanfras because I have no assurance that they will grow with the kind of land in the area. Tobaccos are for trade in Europe. 9) Describe your use of consultations (native, charter, settler). Which of these consultations were useful? Which were not useful? Why, or why not? What do these consultations teach you about the settlement of the actual Jamestown?   The key to be promoted as a Governor of Virginia is to consult with the native and charter and never ask on the settler or colonist. Asking the charter and native gave me insights on my economic and political decisions. For the economy, the native already hinted that there is no gold in the area even if we are obsessed about it. So I did not pursue for mining for my economic activity. For political decision, the colonist would advise me to attack which I did not follow because it is not good to make peace after attacking the natives not to mention that it would be extremely difficult to build an economy when you have

Visual Perception (Psycology 101) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual Perception (Psycology 101) - Essay Example Thus the retinal stimuli or the image on the retina of the eye is pretty different to what is actually viewed by the eye in the first place. Scientists and doctors alike have been researching for a long time so as to understand the basis behind such an anomaly. The people who have interest at understanding this proposition thus make it a point to find out the exact basis of the visual processing which is taking place and the relationship that is formed up between the two as a result of the same. There has been some difficulty at understanding and thus translating the basis of visual perception and the eventual processing of the visual sense as to how the same creates or at times maintains what a person actually wants to see but the image is just not there at all. Thus this phenomenon holds a lot of ground for the people who fathom that eyes play a huge part in the development of the pictures that brain wants it to make and thus portray to the human being. It is for this reason that there has been work in the related field. As concerns to the unconscious or subconscious mind, we understand the fact that inference of an unconscious nature takes place. It was Hermann von Helmholtz who devised the study which was related with the visual perception. He stated that vision had a lot of part in the make up of the unconscious inference and thus it was contemplated that vision is indeed a part of the matter which discerns the basis for a probable understanding or interpretation as concerns to data which has not been considered complete by now. Gestalt theory also has its say in the make up of the visual perception discussion. With this, we find that Gestalt researchers raised a number of significant questions which had one thing or the other with the whole paradigm of visual perception. In fact they came out with the famous Gestalt laws of Organization which have to this day facilitated in the study of as to how people think

Telemedicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Telemedicine - Essay Example In some departments such as I.C.U and mental health, superior product is delivered. There was greater patient satisfaction and outcomes (Moehr et al., 2006). For more than forty years, telemedicine has been instrumental in delivering healthcare services to clients in marginalized geographical area. Telemedicine did not only improve patient access, but  also allowed health facilities and physicians to broaden their reach (Moehr et al., 2006). Since containing or reducing health care cost is a key consideration in operating a healthcare system, telehealth services come in handy. It has been shown that telemedicine increases efficiency and reduces healthcare cost through reduced travel trips, shared staffing of health professionals, better chronic diseases management are reduced hospital stays (Moehr et al., 2006). There was overall satisfaction of using the telemedicine services especially on those trained to use the services. There was faster sharing of information and consultations making even learning better. However, those who did not understand well how to utilize the telemedicine were often frustrated and resorted to the traditional face-to-face method (Lam, 2007). Access to the internet is the first requirement for setting up Telemedicine. Enough bandwidths are required to transmit video and audio data. Rural healthcare organizations may face the challenge of obtaining reliable and affordable broadband service. Imaging technologies and their peripherals are a necessity since they are the crucial part of telemedicine (Merrell & Doarn, 2007). They allow healthcare providers to hearand see patients in faraway places. Devices like digital stethoscopes aid in transmitting lung and heart sounds to a remote provider. Moehr, J. R., Schaafsma, J., Anglin, C., Pantazi, S. V., Grimm, N. A., & Anglin, S. (2006). Success factors for telehealth—a case study. International Journal of Medical

Money and capital market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Money and capital market - Essay Example This form of policy gives the bank an opportunity to avail massive liquidity. This policy is very effective in addressing frozen liquidities that are experienced across the globe especially in the United States of America where money transfer between banks has been witnessed during a financial crisis. This is a step to mitigate the effects liquidity shortage could have as far as solvency problems is concerned. Liquidity policy response is also beneficial in many ways. It does not only offer solutions to short term money problems in market rates. It also helps to ease pressures at the markets as far as funding is concerned. This is a step towards ensuring that funds are supplied for long term benefits as well. Further, central banks help by enlarging the eligibility base as far collateral lending is concerned. In exceptional cases, central banks increase their lending bases to non depository financial institutions and banks as well (Stein, 2011, p. 4). Finally, central bank uses the l iquidity response policy to establish felicities for lending to enhance the market repose between banks. Liquidity response policies to the economic crisis have been seen to be essential in nurturing good communications among different countries of the world. In addition, central banks have also assisted many institutions within a country as far as emergency assistance concerning money is concerned. Swapping of money among banks has been also witnessed in Europe in 2011 in response to an economic crisis within the European Union. Monetary policy response also helps to determine the levels of interests’ rates. Subsequently; good interest’s rates create stable prices in an economy. For example in 2011, European countries adjusted the interest’s rate of their currency to avoid financial crisis. This way, the frameworks under which markets operate become favourable (Monetary policy report, 2011, p. 2). In addition, the decisions are transmitted to financial markets, as well as the actual economy, which increases the efficiency of the economy. Central banks have responsibilities to adjust the policies related to money to prevent the risk of economic instability. This way, the monetary policies are very important in dealing with problems related to inflation as the macroeconomic environments are usually kept in stable conditions. Ultimately; the possibilities of the financial crisis are greatly reduced. Fiscal policies are also handy in addressing economic policies. This is usually seen by the initiatives a particular government puts into place so as to deal well with the financial crisis within a nation. Fiscal policies are suitable in propagating a real economy from an economic crisis (Miriam, 2011, p.3). This form of policy involves a lot of interventions by the government in addressing the challenges an individual institution faces as far as the financial crisis is concerned. Other initiatives are also taken by governments so as to boost dom estic economies. Improving housing markets; for example, is very useful in boosting the local economies. In addition, supporting the growth of domestic industries rather than the individual ones is also a step towards increasing the growth of domestic economies in Australia as at 2012. Finally; monetary policies reforms as a way of dealing with the financial crisis are one of the options that are necessary. Such reforms can restore confidence within markets resulting into a financial

Is a new Walmart a good thing for a community Essay

Is a new Walmart a good thing for a community - Essay Example on, the company serves towards the betterment of the community by providing jobs and ensuring environmental sustainability in its operational processes. To ensure environmental sustainability, Walmart has abandoned the sale of deodorant sticks in cardboard boxes and made use of the concept of greener buildings to establish its stores. The company also engages in Corporate Social Responsibility on a regular basis (Goetz, n.d.). Despite such advantages to the community, Walmart is engaged in a number of problems such as exploitation of labor, which is treated as a negative attribute from the perspective of the community. Moreover, in Walmart, there exists discrimination of worker in terms of gender and age. The company has an increased level of unemployment leading to higher rates of poverty and lower welfare spending. Furthermore, Walmart erodes business centers situated in downtown, which can be considered another factor behind the neglect of the community. Despite promoting environmental sustainability, Walmart itself is engaged in increased environmental degradation, against the communal perspective. In South America, fish farms located across the nation and have led to a rise in obesity rates by 2.4% points for which Walmart is responsible (Goetz, n.d.). Considering the advantages of the company and its comparison with the disadvantages, it can be identified that the company has adopted different measu res based on which the company is able to perform operations with environment consciousness and sustainability. In this context, Walmart can be considered as a good thing for the

How America is Responding to the Flat World Essay

How America is Responding to the Flat World - Essay Example This essay discusses the topic of the United States and that it is no longer the world’s clear economic leader. The researcher suggests that perhaps that is a result of their archaic response to globalization. It will be necessary to redefine productivity in light of emerging technological advancements worldwide. These new policies will have to support the digital revolution, boost technological innovation, enhance workforce skills, promote entrepreneurship and ensure competitive and open markets. The Government will have to look inside and reorganize itself by placing more reliance on networks than hierarchy, more on civic and private sector actors than bureaucracy, and more on technology than on rule-based, bureaucratic programs. Be that as it may, the researcher states that America has single-handedly rescued many third world nations from meager subsistence and it has been somewhat detrimental to the United States internal economic policies. A collective response is necessa ry, but it must be spearheaded by the US Government. The submission to the internationalization of America and the shift away from Americanization by foreign nations demands serious attention. Perhaps rather than internationalization policies, American policy makers should concentrate on emphasizing pursuit of science and technology in the American school system. The researcher concludes that after that American’s themselves might want to become more ambitious in the pursuit of the sciences themselves.

The novel by Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

The novel by Steinbeck Essay Of Mice and Men, the novel by Steinbeck, frequently dramatises the constant action of back-to-back scenes. Consequently, the novel shares a strong sense of time, which is a formal element of most movies. Steinbecks novel is not targeted at a selective audience in view of its vernacular dialogue and informal touch. Also considering the fast-paced action, Of Mice and Men is very adaptable to a movie version. Using various devices up his sleeve, it is very important that the filmmaker gets across a sense of setting and colour in connection with characters thoughts and feelings. In preparing the final scene of the movie version of Of Mice and Men we were trying to focus on Lennies vulnerability in the outside world, the decline of Georges self-esteem with the demise of Lennie and how the setting and the environment (especially Lennies desired rabbits) reacted to the catastrophic conclusion. Our precise aims regarding filming technique were to use a combination of low and high-angle shots, camera FX to reflect the plot e. g. , dew, steam, fast/moderate paced camera, and deliberate exclusion of the camera from any part of the shot. For soundtracks/FX, we especially tried to imitate characters moods and feelings. Finally, suitable dialogue in calculated manner and appropriate timing re-enforced our essence of Lennies demise and Georges position. The establishing shots arouse an audiences preliminary attention and directly convey a filmmakers purposes. This is because setting, colour, smell, movement and a characters intentions are all elements of this shot. In our film, George carries a great appeal to any audience and connects them with Lennies reality. In the first subjective shot, George scrambles onto his horses saddle and shoots past the ranch at top speed while camera does not linger on setting. I thought that because the camera does not linger on setting, an audience unaware of Steinbecks final plot might get mystified or puzzled as to why George acts so instinctively. We decided on this camera movement keeping in mind that George is very determined and sincere with his friend and he will do the best up to his ability to protect Lennie. The audience can now sense something will go wrong and George will try to help Lennie to get out of the mess. This shot will prompt most audiences to form their own speculations of what is to happen next.

Comparing UK and US Gang Culture

Comparing UK and US Gang Culture Popular perceptions of gang activity are often based on sensationalized images created in the media. They vary from dramatic reports of â€Å"gangland† shootings to images of young men terrorizing the local neighborhood. Indeed, there are elements of gang culture that are criminal and threatening for the local population; however, gang culture is so complex that a single definition has yet to be agreed upon by social scientists. The primary issue of controversy is whether criminality is a central and causal. Thrasher’s (1927) pioneering study was the first to look at group processes and psychology of gang life. Through his study of 1,313 Chicago gangs, he concluded gangs are part of the psychological and group process of teenagers in economically deprived communities. He believed gangs are: group(s) originally formed spontaneously, and then integrated through conflict†¦.characterized by the following types of behavior: meeting face to face, milling, movement through space as a unit, conflict, and planning. The result†¦.is the development of tradition, unreflective internal structure, esprit de corps, solidarity, morale, group awareness, and attachment to a local territory. (pg 46) By the ‘50s and ‘60s, the popular view changed – the perception of gangs became one of fear and threat.. Miller (1975) and Klein (1971) published papers defining gangs as innately criminal. Miller’s pessimistic perspective is apparent in his classification of gangs as: â€Å"a group of recurrently associating individuals with identifiable leadership and internal organization, identifying with or claiming control over territory in the community, and engaging either individually or collectively in violent or other forms of illegal behavior† (pg 9). Miller was echoed by Klein (1971), who defined gangs as: â€Å"any denotable group of youngsters who†¦..recognize themselves as a notable group†¦. (and) have been involved in a sufficient number of delinquent incidents to call forth a consistent negative response from†¦..residents and/or law enforcement agencies† (pg 13) This theme was taken up by law enforcement agencies, and the idea of the gang as a part of the moral order of the community was subsequently gone. The sociological definition of gang was replaced by terms mainly useful to law enforcement, which are still used to this day. Brantley and DiRosa of the FBI (1994) describe gangs as groups of â€Å"individuals†¦..who associate on a continual basis for the purpose of committing criminal acts†. But other researchers maintain the Thrasher group process hypothesis. Moore argues against Miller and Kleins definitions, as she believes they are circular: the definitions include the very behaviour i.e. crime that they are trying to understand. Thrasher and Moores definitions differ significantly from Klein and Millers. Moore (1998) believes criminality is not inherent to gangs and views them instead as â€Å"unsupervised peer groups†¦socialized by the streets rather than by conventional institutions.† The debate continues, and the lack of agreement regarding the defining features of gangs has made consistent findings and generalizations problematic. Criminal activity remains a pivotal issue in the debate; the criminality of gangs waxes and wanes, and to use criminality to distinguish a group from a gangs is a misleading and unhelpful process. The Phenomenon â€Å"Gang† in the UK and USA Discuss. Anywhere in the world were there are unsettled neighborhoods or a transient population, there are likely to be gangs of youths, coming together to seek the security, sense of belonging and structure they lack in their communities. Traditionally, UK interventions to curtail gang activity have been based largely on the US model, where gang conflict has a long and complex history. However research into why youths join gangs in the UK found important differences between British gangs and their US counterparts, which has lead to a change in the British governments approach. British gangs tend to be gentler than those in America, which are more likely to generate distinct identities, rigid structures and be involved in criminal acts (Klein, 1995). UK gangs lack the American-style initiation ceremonies and specific styles of clothing. In the USA large portions of the population exist on the edge of communities, creating breading grounds for criminal street gangs. In certain urban ghettos men rejoice when they reach 25 years of age because gangland fighting kills more young people than illness or accidents (Community Cares, 1994). Often these areas will be economically deprived. The longstanding social security system in the UK has prevented the same situation occurring. The USA takes a different approach and makes frequent cuts in its social program, investing instead in its penal system. In 2003 the British government proposed to revamp youth services, in an effort to reverse the 18% decrease in youth services since the 1980’s. The new legislation places a requirement upon all local authorities to meet certain standards by 2005, and expects them to critically assessment the youth service provision within their area. Councils were asked to make a promise to youths to provide not only the usual meeting places for personal and social development, (i.e. youth clubs and activities), but also programmes related to peer education and ways of ensuring their views are heard. The government pledged  £83m to the programme. However, the British government are also taking a stronger stance against â€Å"antisocial behavior†, which frequently involves gangs of adolescents. Although the new anti-social behavior legislation is not aimed specifically at gangs, its purpose is to reduce feelings of intimidation within communities, which is often concurrent with gang formation. Once an Anti-Social Behavior Order (ASBO) is issued, the accused must abide by the stipulations in the ASBO or potentially face criminal proceedings. The US was similarly preoccupied with anti-social behavior in the 1990’s, when task forces such as Operation Weed and Seed, and the Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services anti-gang drive, had at it’s core the desire curb or contain street gangs. New legislation was passed and many states enacted statutes to assist law enforcers. In both the US and UK, this was a response to a concerned electorate, made anxious by the tabloid media. There must be a move in the US towards interventions that do not criminalize young people. The question that should be asked is why are young people joining gangs. The answer is well researched; the need for structure, nurturing, a sense of belonging and perceived economic opportunity create breeding grounds for gangs. If goverments adopt adequate social security programs to meet these basic needs, gangs will not evolve – they ultimatly reflect the society that has shaped them. References Brantley, A. C., DiRosa, A. (1994) Gangs: A National Perspective. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. New York Klein, M. W. (1995) The American Street Gang. Oxford University Press. New York. Koutos, L., Brotherton, D., Barrios, L. (2003) Gangs and Society: Alternative Perspectives. Columbia University Press. Miller, W. (1975) Violence by Youth Gangs and Youth Groups as a Crime problem in Major American Cities. Washington Department of Justice. Washington. Moore, J. W. 1998. â€Å"Understanding Youth Street Gangs: Economic Restructuring and the Urban Underclass.† In M. W. Watts (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Youth and Violence (pp. 65-78), Stamford, CT: JAI. Thrasher, F. M. (1927) The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago. Chicago III. University of Chicago Press. USA (1994) Community Cares (1994). Socialist review, 179. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from http://pubs.socialist reviewindex.org.uk/sr179/msmith.htm

Employee Motivation Case Study: Specsavers

Employee Motivation Case Study: Specsavers Culture is made up of values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors shared by a group of people. Culture within a organization can also be describe as behavior s that results when a group arrives at a set of general unspoken as well as unwritten rules for working together. Base on data studied the culture at Specsavers is all about serving people. Such culture involves a lot of interaction with customers. As part of its culture Specsavers depends on its people to deliver the highest standards of customer care and service. To accomplish such the organization provides a variety of interesting job roles, as well as opportunities for career development. In culturing the organization the human resource department must play a vital role in paving the way forward. These roles include: Increase workforce activities: In doing so human resource personnel must ensure managers are properly trained as to how to manage and utilize resources from different backgrounds not just efface diversity. Creating and maintaining systems that will motivate and develop individuals employed to the company. Such move will only motivate employees to put their best foot forward thereby going the extra mile where necessary or when needed. Considering the kind of culture in place at the above mentioned company, providing and deploying the right mixture of skills, knowledge and experience will be essential in maintaining the culture type already in place. Create and maintain relationship between the people who work for and with the organization. Thereby catering for the changing needs of those employed to Specsavers. Undertaking measures that will ensure proper execution of action that will promote success for all. Employees are expected to share Specsavers vision of providing patients with the best possible service. In realizing the companys vision Human resource must assist by ensuring proper training for the human resource workforce. Before sharing the companys vision one must first have full knowledge as to what are the companys. Therefore it creating a manual outlining the companys vision and objectives would be a good way to start, then ensure that all staff is furnish with a copy. While not everyone enjoys reading; the next step for human resource would be to host seminars explaining the document in its entirety, giving individuals a chance to voice their concerns and have their questions answered. With full knowledge as to the objectives and vision of the company all parties involve will be better able to embrace and realize the companys vision, thereby enhancing their personal growth as well as the companys growth. One key factor in employee motivation and retention is the opportunity employees want to continue to grow and develop job and career enhancing skills. In fact, this opportunity to continue to grow and develop through training and development is one of the most important factors in employee motivation. Other ways of ensuring staff has the potential to deliver quality customer care and are motivated are: Ask the employee to train other employees with the information learned at a seminar or training session. Offer the time at a department meeting or lunch to discuss the information or present the information learned to others. Expand the job to include new, higher level responsibilities. Provide the opportunity for the employee to cross-train in other roles and responsibilities. Assign the employee to head projects or teams. Provide more authority for the employee to self-manage and make decisions. According to the overview Specsavers depends on its people to deliver at the highest level, thus with such measures and more implemented the directors and owners at Specsavers along with its customers will be in for a treat as it relates to customer care. While all three (3) terms are job related and can be observed within most organization worldwide, one should always bear in mind that there are differences between the terms explained below. Job roles within organizations come with different levels of responsibilities. Such levels are directly related to persons expertise and training. Job description is a written statement that defines the duties, relationships and results expected of anyone in the job. It is an overall view of what is to be done in the job. Typically it includes is a written statement that defines the duties, relationships and results expected of anyone in the job. It is an overall view of what is to be done in the job. On the other hand, job specification can be deem to be a statement of employee characteristics and qualifications required for satisfactory performance of defined duties and tasks comprising a specific job or function. Technology and Human Resources In todays world information cannot be carried out effectively without high-tech tools. Technology has simply changed the way in which companies communicate overall. By extension technology has changed the skills that employees really need. While trying to cope with such changes companies word wide has to also deal another growing disease known as globalization. Globalization simply reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Hence, provide less protection and barriers to trade; allow companies the freedom to move their jobs elsewhere; in the end force companies to choose the lay off or redundancy path. As a result firms today are threatened by globalization, technological advancement and sustainability challenges. In handling each challenge the human resource managers do have a role to play. He or she must direct the firm in dealing with as well coping with the rapid changes. Such HRM must develop systems to ensure that their human resource is highly productive. Such a person must ensure that their way of doing things is highly adoptable. Thereby able to change quickly to suit the needs of the market thereby meet the need of their customer and at the same time outperform their competitor. To further deal with the sudden changes HR must familiarize themselves with sophisticated devices, this while educating others employees. In the same breath use electronic communication to develop measures to safeguard data integrity; protect customer data thereby preventing identity theft. Motivating employees to perform effectively from remote locations; as well as managing IT cost and new developments are also great ways of directing a firm. Raise standards: The human resource manager is responsible for the establishment of standards that provide quality management guidance and quality assurance requirements for business. These standards allow manufacturing to receive certification for complying with world-class standards for quality. This certification is important to have especially if you are handling large global accounts and need for your customers to trust that your product is in compliance with set standards of quality. According to Gary Dressler; Human Resource Management is a process of creating and maintaining relationship between the people who work for and with an organization. At Specsavers a lot depends on its people to deliver the highest standard in terms of customer care. In return staff members are provided with variety of interesting job roles, as well as opportunities for career development. With such culture in place at Specsavers poor management and leadership style will have adverse effects on relationship with staff; thereby interfere with performance of the business. The harmony and quality of the team revolves around good leadership. The impact of bad leadership can turn out to be an expensive experience for the company. Good leadership is the driving force that pushes the members forward to the company objectives. Management must understand the strengths and weaknesses of its members or team and provide the encouragement to the team. Praise and encouragement on good work has immense power to bring out the best in a person. However a poor leader only sees the weaknesses and uses it as a way for blaming the members which results in a low morale within the team. A team with a low morale loses interest in their tasks, leading to delay in the production of outputs. Delay in the results leads to the payment of penalty, thereby eating up a huge portion of the companys revenue. Similarly a highly de-motivated team on losing the passion to work fails to come up with innovative ideas and has a lower level of commitment to the task allotted. This has a negative impact on the productivity of the products and services. Inability to come up with imaginative and innovative ideas can lead to the loss of business, especially in knowledge industry as the customers prefer those companies which can aid to its profitability through significant brainstorms. The team leader assists the team members to identify their individual goals on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses. An individual who lacks the leadership skills fails to assess the strengths and weaknesses of his team and thus would not be able to guide his team in attaining the goals. Absence of an effective counsel leads to ineffective time management. The long hours put in leads to a disruptive work-life balance bringing about a high level of physical and mental stress. High level of stress ends up in physical and psychological diseases, thereby making one abstain from office for days. Failure to provide the output on the pre determined date leads to the payment of huge penalties to the customers and loss of business. Thus a quick recovery from this cycle is inevitable for the survival of the business entity. A poor manager has little control over time management. His ineffective leadership fails to draw commitment to work resulting to long hours in the office. He also fails to understand the individual capabilities of his members, pushing unmanageable work load on the team members. Lack of an effective communication amongst the manager and the team members, the heavy work load, and the immense dissatisfaction forces the individuals to move to another project within the same company or to resign from the company. Thus poor leadership qualities are one of the major causes for labour attrition. The importance of induction training must not be underestimated at anytime, this as it signals the start of the relationship between an employer and employee. It is during this time important standards and patterns are set so as to enhance good behavior for the future. Inductions should develop the skills, knowledge and behavior that an organization needs. These requirements need to be defined beforehand in order to ensure a smooth working relationship. Induction training should entails immediate needs and priorities, so health and safety, facilities and conveniences should always be explained immediately. It is also important to ensure employees understand any contractual relationships they are entering into. Other aspects of such induction should focus on the organization and the job. Regarding the organization, new employees should be given a structured view of the organization by receiving mission statements, structure charts and business plans. They need to know how they fit into an organization, so meetings with appropriate people and accountability charts are vital. Inductees must also be familiarized with the culture of an organization and also need to understand all relevant rules. This way when given the job persons will hit the ground running have full understanding of what is required of him or her; thereby not hampering production in any way. Balanced Scorecard The purpose of the balanced scorecard is to implement a business strategy thereby translating it into a set of performance measures derived from strategic goals that allocate rewards to executives and managers based on their success at meeting or exceeding the performance measures. Balanced Scorecard enables companies to evaluated activities from various perspectives such as: Financial perspective Customer perspective Process perspective Innovation perspective http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTHWuztOjGZ5nZV8Y795LtpIiAs-NryApxcMP3HUYUFSOli2km7wQ Building a Country: Malaysias Development Building a Country: Malaysias Development Abstract In this paper, the major discussion is about the process of building Malaysia country. Besides, it also includes how the Malaysian people accept the revolution from Sultanate perspective until the country becomes a democratic country. Malaysia had achieved their independence day in the year of 1957. In these democratic countries, there are a few political parties which are formed before Malaysia gets their independence day from the British which are United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Indian through Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC). In that time, they are the three biggest political parties which are occupied by the three biggest ethnic in Malaysia which are Chinese, Malay and Indians. These parties are formed to fight for the independence of our country, Malaya which is now Malaysia. In addition, the factors which affect the process of building our country, Malaysia are also being discussed in this paper. Besides, through this paper, we will also know how our prime minister builds Malaysia. Introduction 31 August 1957 is a historical day in Malaysia because it is the day where Malaysia gained its independence from British which had colonized our country for few decades. At that time, the major politic parties which consists of United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) which are being separated by their ethnic and different identity. These parties had to cooperate together by putting aside of their own ethnic and misunderstanding to deal with the independency of our country, Malaysia. In this way, these political parties, UMNO, MCA and MIC had formed an association party based on their own ethnic to participate in the election to choose a leader to lead the peoples to fight for independence. On that time, Tunku Abdul Rahman, which has become our first prime minister in Malaysia had changed the current style of setting up an association of government through the election where the winning party does not have suf ficient votes from the peoples to form a government. After that, a new political party, the Alliance party, is being formed after people from different ethnic done with dealing within each other. Tunku Abdul Rahman, our deceased prime minister is the leader of the Alliance party and he has won the election on that time with the agreement from UMNO, MCA and MIC where they cannot be one of the participate where the leader of the Alliance party contest. It is the first in the history in all over the world where a multi-racial together formed a political party. Malaysia, which is located in the middle of the Southeast Asian region in the world map, is directly affected by many other factors. There are some of the important principles which must be examined before analyze the politics in Malaysia, for example, most of the people in Malaysia are Malay, so they are the leader in the politics. Besides, social civilization and politics have a strong bond between them. In addition, culture be tween different religions also has some effect on Malaysian politics. Historical Perspective of Malaysian Politics: Nationality and Politics On 16 September 1963, Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (Sabah) has combined to become a union called Malaysia. All the states in Malaysia claim that they are Malaysian people and there is no any separation compared to the neighbor country such as Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines. This shows that even though Malays are the dominant in this country and they have the first priority if compared to other clan in Malaysia, they still can tolerate and accept each other with different ethnic and races. There are few states in Malaysia which have their own Sultan which is the head of the state and even though after the federation of Malaysia, those state with the Sultan will still have their own power. While in Sabah and Sarawak, they are given to have their own way to administrate their own states. The unity among the people from different states allowed Malaysia to change from a small country into a big country. After Malaysia has become independence in 1957, they seldom focus ed on the nation building compared to state building. But after Mahathir has taken over the prime minister position, he promoted a ‘Look East’ policy which gives the first priority to the east. Besides, he also makes Malaysia to recognize as an Islamic state and the government is ruling the country with a right view. The Transformation from ‘sultanate nationality’ to ‘nation building’ Malays, who are the dominant in Malaysia, are divided into few groups because of different states and ethnic and they are the main subjects when defining the nation building in Malaysia. Besides, they are strongly influenced by the loyalty, the Sultan and the King except for those who lives in Penang, Singapore and Malacca. These three states do not have any Sultan or King, so, they have to pay their loyalty to who govern the states. There are some divisions of the states in Malaysia which are Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Perak is called Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu, while Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, Johor and Terengganu are called as Negeri-negeri Tidak Bersekutu. While for Penang, Singapore and Malacca which do not have any Sultanate or King are called Negeri-negeri Selat. All this separation had created some arguments which have affected the nation building. UMNO and Malayan Union in 1946 UMNO, a party which united all the Malay association from the Peninsula to fight for the proposal of Malayan Union by the effort of a Johor Malay leader, Dato Onn Jaafar. Malayan Union is to unite all the Malays and non-malays to create an equal citizenship. Besides, Malayan Union also has a new idea which is to replace the traditional leaders, Sultanate, with a Governor. But, the Malays, who claim themselves as a Bumiputera reject this idea because they think that this might harm their identity and leadership of the Malay itself. In addition, they also rejected the concept that created by the British. Due to the strong power from the Malay dominant, the British colonial power to realize that they will not have any chances to win the support of the Malay communities through the rejection. After that Persekutuan Tanah Melayu was formed to replaced Malayan Union which is led by Dato’ Onn Jaafar. ‘Nation Building’ and ‘State Building’ under Tunku Abdul Rahman Tunku Abdul Rahman is the first leaders who balance the races and ethnicity between three major communities. He is the first leaders who gain the trust of all the communities in Malaysia at that time. Furthermore, the compromises between the leaders of different communities towards the power politics also under controlled. In Malaysia, the power politics are used to ensure that the multi religious-custom society is able to govern without any revolution which will cause chaos. Besides, it is also important that the nation building ethnic and the race in a country is stabilizing because it will cause harm if the racial ethnic balance is being neglected. During the general election in May 1969, Tunku Abdul Rahman has made a toleration with the sensitive issues which involves religious and racial. Besides, Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tun Razak also realized that harmony between the communities is the most important to ensure the peace of Malaysia. In September 1970, Tunku Abdul Razak replaced Tunku Abdul Rahman as the second prime minister in Malaysia. While in 1971, our second prime minister, Tunku Abdul Razak introduced a new policy, Dasar Ekonomi Baru. The purpose of this policy is to abolish the famine, to make equality to the socio-economic and abolish the recognition of the race towards the economic function. In addition, he is the first who formed the Barisan National to take over the Alliance Party which has become a strong party at that time. Until today, our Malaysia Government retains this strong national resilience to make sure the stability of the politic in our country. Besides, he also succeeds in building a good diplomatic relationship between the other countries. Due to the diplomatic relationship with China, it improves the position of Chinese ethnic in Malaysia which they can go to China anytime they wanted to. When our fourth prime minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir led our country, it is the best performance in Malaysia where all the sectors shows a good re sult. Malaysia as a Fundamental Moderate Islamic Country: Malaysia, is it an Islamic or Secular State? When our first prime minister led Malaysia, he ever said that Malaysia has an official religion which is Islam. But this statement has brought many troubles to Malaysia because the others who are non-Muslims and even for the Muslims also unsatisfied with this statement. Some even said that this is an anti-Islamic and causes the Muslims to separate into few different groups which are extreme, moderate and liberal. Many questions have been asked according to that statement and thus causing the worldwide politics become a complicated and brings harm to Islam. Malaysia, which is mostly dominated by Muslims, some of the parties like Pan Malayan Islamic Party (PMIP or PAS) take this opportunity to obtain their support in the election by using Islam as their center. They even use this to influence their supporters that UMNO and BN are the parties who will bring harms to Islam in their campaigns. Besides, they even develop a slogan ‘Membangun Bersama Islam’ to announce Hudud as a part of Islamic law and uses this to win over the votes from the Muslim supporter. Malaysia and Terrorism Dr. Mahathir has clarified the misunderstanding by some of the peoples on Islam in BBC interview due to some people call the Muslims as a terrorist. This has caused Malaysia has been prejudiced by other country due to this kind of statement. But, they do not know the truth which our country, Malaysia, is the only one multi-racial country who wins against the terrorism. Besides, Malaysia uses its democratic system to won against the communism after World War II. Tunku Abdul Rahman, who was the leader of Malaysia at that time, also stated that he has prepared to fight against the terrorism rather than staying there doing nothing and he also encourage the people to fight for it. After that, the spirit of fight against the terrorism has influenced many other countries and thus, Malaysia has become the role model. In addition, Malaysia also shows to the outside world that they can live peacefully and harmony in one country with multi-racial and urge the world community to stop hurting eac h other. Unfortunately, some other people who misunderstand Dr. Mahathir who encourage the people in the world not to fight with each other like copying what Osama Ben Laden said. This caused the foreign people think that we are only acting to the world towards the terrorism but actually we are supporting it. It is bad to judge our country like this because we are really a multi-racial who can live peacefully with each other, tolerate and accept different culture between us. But fortunately Mahathir shown to the world by forming the GERAKAN which is represent by Muslim and non-Muslim. Fundamental Islamic Country When Malaysia firstly announces our country as a ‘fundamental based Islamic’ country, this news shocked all the Malays especially the PAS. Besides, Mahathir also said that whoever does not support the government parties will definitely go to hell after they died. It has frightens a lot of people. In addition, Mahathir also wanted to get rid of PAS because he thinks that most of the Malay will support PAS just because of their ideology. In addition, he also said that when building a country, development is more important than punishment and he said that he dislikes using weapon to rule the country. Furthermore, the non-Muslims know that the announcement given by Mahathir will not bring any harm to them because they have faith with Mahathir that he will guide Malaysia towards a good future. Even the UMNO in Penang, which is a politic party based by Malay, was also run by a Chinese leader. This can show that the harmony between the multi-racial in our country where they can accept each other. Malaysia and Mahathir as an Agent of Change: Malaysian State Building at the Era of the Globalized World Dr. Mahathir, Malaysia fourth prime minister stated that globalization means that it is a world without any border but does not mean everything named globalization is a good thing and must be well prepared if anything bad is happen, an action is needed to be taken. Malaysia is developing well under the lead of Dr. Mahathir and he never give up to guide Malaysia towards a better future. Besides, he also never loses direction when Malaysia is facing crisis. In addition, he also encourages the people to maintain a good relationship with their neighbor’s country. By this way, just can bring a lot of benefit to us while contribute to the economy of our country. Furthermore, Dr. Mahathir also realize that the global effects might bring negative effect to our country, so he hopes that this kind of effect can be minimize. Malaysian Ways: Role Models in Handling the Financial Crisis When Dr. Mahathir flash back the crisis that happened in 1969, he said that all the community should cooperate together to ensure that the crisis will not happened again. He also found an effective ways to reduce the divergence between different races and try to abolish the famine among the community. While dealing with the crisis of economic in Malaysia, he also facing the disturbance of the politic which caused by the other politic party who opposes the Barisan Nasional. But, Dr. Mahathir is good at dealing with the crisis. He was able to find an effective ways to handle the crisis by develop a new strategy to rebuild the economic in Malaysia. He also ever said that Malaysia is a business country where they trade and buy. This is how the economic in Malaysia grow. Besides, we also need the investment by the foreign country and maintain a good relationship with others country. When Dato’ Mustapa Mohamed work as our second finance minister, he bring our country economy back to the right track and thus Malaysia have an excellent achievement on that time. While in 1997, our country faces the crisis of currency but, Dr. Mahathir had decide to find ways to fix the currency exchange rates to save our country from financial crisis. A strategy has been developed to maintain the currency of our country. After the new strategy started, there is a change in Malaysia economic. Then they even build National Economic Action Council (NEAC) to give them some advice on the economic problem faced by our country. With the help of NEAC, some movements have been taken to solve the crisis. Besides, the government also takes some action to control the currency from being flowing out too much from our country. But fortunately this control is just for a while and the share market of our currency has back to normal and the investment from the foreign country is not affected. Many people invest in our country because our currency is in a fixed rate at most of the time and this is a good thing. Furthermore, the way how our country control the flow of our currency has also been recognized and used by the global financial system because it is unexpectedly a good way to solve the financial crisis and thus causing other foreign country to look high on our fourth prime minister, Dr. Mahathir. Meanwhile, some of the investor from western quit from invest on our market and luckily that time China stepped in and lend us a hand. A year has passed and our country has finally revived from financial crisis and many foreign countries started to accept the way how our Dr. Mahathir deals with the financial crisis. After a few years, Bank Negara Malaysia showed that the economy in our country has improved and our currency is now acceptable by the foreign country. This means that Malaysia finally survived from the financial crisis with the help of our prime minister, Dr. Mahathir. Conclusion As a conclusion, the way how our ministers build our country and save our country from many kind of crisis is a history and it should be remembered by every Malaysian. Without those leaders, our country will not have a better life like nowadays with how they fight for our independence from colony of British and save us from crisis. They had shown to the world how a leader should be like and the capability which must have in a leader. Without the leaders, our country, Malaysia will not become a strong country which brings a lot of contribution to the world. Besides, all kind of challenges which faced by our country has become our experience to make us a better country and try to maintain a good relationship between the multi-racial.

Getting Those Sensuous Lips :: Plastic Surgery Beauty Essays

Getting Those Sensuous Lips Plastic surgery has become a leading business in America and is venturing in to all parts of the body. First there was the liposuction of the thighs and butt then the face-lifts, the beast implants and now the injections of the lips. The volume of the lips can be thick and prominent, as in certain races, or else thin and retracted as in other races. A full, fresh prominent mouth, which invites a kiss, is the latest object of cosmetic surgery. There have been many types of materials that have been injected and several techniques that have been used. Materials such as collagen, silicone, Gore-Tex, fat or dermis has been used for the injections. The surgeon should choose his technique carefully and according to the patient’s wants. The procedure is very simple. Lip procedures are usually carried out under local anesthesia with intravenous conscious sedation. The surgeon and patient decide which material to use for the injections. Some of the other materials that are used are Collagen: A molecule that makes up the body’s connective tissue; usually taken from cow skin. Three percent of patients have hypersensitivity problems, and some develop allergic reactions as long as three to four years later. Alloderm: A collagen created with tissue taken from human cadavers. The results last four to six months, then must be repeated. Can carry the risk of becoming infected and may feel slightly hard and unnatural. Gore-Tex: A hollow, tube-shaped implant made from synthetic material. Procedure requires a fine incision made along the edge of the lips; the tubing is inserted and the area stitched up. New tissue grows into and around the tube. Results are permanent, but may feel slightly less natural. Autologen: Skin ta ken from a patient is sent to a lab that makes collagen from it, so the chances of allergic reaction are eliminated. Results are permanent. The marking of the lips is done intraorally creating a set of W’s on the interior of the lips. The incision is made along the marking and extends deep to the submucosa and dissection is carried above the muscle to the vermilion (Samiian162). A suture stitch is transfixed to the center of the lip; pressing over rubber patches until the tissue at the center are slightly pinched. Some cases a catheter is used and a needle threaded with a steel wire is passed through the center of the lip and then perforated by the catheter.

The Valley Girl in Buffy the Vampire Slayer :: TV Television Show Essays

The stereotypical valley girl would have to be one of my longstanding favourite characters in both television and film. With the valley girl known for often being the quintessential popularity queen, it may not seem so obvious to include the Buffy we know today as part of the valley girl hall of fame. But one only has to go back to the 1992 film, Buffy the Vampire Slayer to observe the full extent of Buffy’s bleach blonde valley girl roots. To place Buffy within the larger category of the valley girl, first one must have an understanding of what exactly this means. Undoubtedly, the valley girl is a product of the eighties, or at least a character that was crystallised and labelled during this period, and she has been a significant presence in teen films and television ever since. It has come to my attention that there has been a definite change, or evolution over the last two decades, of the living, breathing barbie doll otherwise known as the valley girl. And, it seems, this evolution of the valley girl within teen film and television can be traced through the character of Buffy Summers, starting from her first appearance on the big screen in 1992. For my purposes, the term â€Å"valley girl† is useful in reference to a limited spectrum of popular teen girls in film and television, who, despite originating in name from the location of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, [1] are not strictly limited or restricted to being natives of this particular site. Often alarmingly oblivious to many basic concepts of social etiquette, the valley girl is the ultra-feminine, two-dimensional character identified by an abundance of material possessions and surface features that are highly prized by herself and her peers. Some of the basic, essential signifiers of the valley girl can be extracted from examination of valley girls over time who have manipulated the following: 1) POPULARITY: which is often directly linked to the valley girl also being a cheerleader (often team captain, of course) and/or prom queen. Although, sometimes basic popularity is pure and simple enough. 2) CASH SUPPLY: generous funds, namely daddy’s credit card, often help with gaining or retaining popular status, and is especially important for it’s contribution to the following, 3) THE WARDROBE: often filled with the latest fashion trends and designer labels. The valley girl must be well-versed in knowing what is now, retro, and the dreaded zone of â€Å"five minutes ago.

Kolb’s Learning Theory Essay

Experiential Learning Kolb’s experiential learning theory is a holistic perspective that combines experience, perception, cognition, and behaviour. The theory presents a cyclical model of learning, consisting of four stages shown below. One may begin at any stage, but must follow each other in the sequence: * Concrete experience ( or â€Å"Do†) * Reflective observation ( or â€Å"Observe†) * Abstract conceptualization ( or â€Å"Think†) * Active experimentation ( or â€Å"Plan†) Kolb’s four-stage learning cycle shows how experience is translated through reflection into concepts, which in turn are used as guides for active experimentation and the choice of new experiences. The first stage, concrete experience (CE), is where the learner actively experiences an activity such as a lab session or field work. The second stage, reflective observation (RO), is when the learner consciously reflects back on that experience. The third stage, abstract conceptualization (AC), is where the learner attempts to conceptualize a theory or model of what is observed. The fourth stage, active experimentation (AE), is where the learner is trying to plan how to test a model or theory or plan for a forthcoming experience. Kolb identified four learning styles which correspond to these stages. The styles highlight conditions under which learners learn better. These styles are: * assimilators, who learn better when presented with sound logical theories to consider * convergers, who learn better when provided with practical applications of concepts and theories * accommodators, who learn better when provided with â€Å"hands-on† experiences * divergers, who learn better when allowed to observe and collect a wide range of information.

Safeguarding: Abuse and Child

Chloe Smith CYP Core 3. 3 – Understand how to safeguard the well being of children and young people. 1. 1 – Outline current legislations, guidelines, policies and procedures within UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. In England the current main legislations and guidelines are: Children’s Act 1989 Children’s Act 2004 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 Protection of Children Act 1999 Working together to safeguard Children 2010Police Act 1997 Children’s Act 1989 This act was brought in to simplify existing laws protecting children and young people in the uk. This law gives children and young people equal rights and makes sure their feelings are paramount. It also made sure that the local authorities have a duty to provide a service for children in need and their families. Children’s Act 2004 The children act 2004 was brought into p lace by Lord Laming following the death of Victoria Climbie. The children’s act 2004 amends the children’s act 1989.It makes sure that local services such as the police, social services, education services, the nhs and other agencies all work together to protect vulnerable children. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child This legislation means that all children have the right to be heard and make their own choices. It also states that they have the basic right to learn and develop into adults without harm. Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 EYFS is followed by settings to safeguard children and ensure the adults that are in contact the children are safe and capable.Under the Child Protection Act all workers must be CRB checked and all settings must have policies and procedures they follow. Protection of Children Act 1999 This legislations to ensure there is a system in place that keeps a list of individuals identified as unsuita ble for working with children and young people are not offered employment by settings. Safeguarding Children’s Policy This has a policy that states how we work with children, parents and the community to ensure the safety of children.To promote the children’s rights we have to give the child a safe environment that encourages the child to develop skills they will need to use for their adult life. Working with parents to build their understanding of their expectations to alongside the setting help the child. In my setting I would liaise with LSCB, Ofsted and NSPCC. 1. 2 – Explain Child Protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. As part of my role as a practioner I have a duty of care to safeguard the children this means – Protecting children from maltreatmentPreventing impairment of children’s health or development Ensuring that children feel safe and secure Providing support that helps children to develop their f ull potential. Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. Effective child protection is essential as part of a wider work to promote welfare and safeguard children. 1. 3 – Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people. As a practioner I have to ensure that I keep all children and young people safe in my setting. I will show this in my observation. 1. – Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of findings informs practice. Serious case reviews have to be carried out when a child dies ( incuding suspected suicide ) or there has To be a reported case of serious harm to a child . Serious harm to a child includes neglect and abuse. If this happens an inquiry has to be carried out to see if the system failed and if so how it could have been prevented. All cases have to be recorded and reviewed by other agencies suc h as the police, education welfare or hospitals. If as a practioner or other agencies we do not follow the legislations or our olicies and procedures we are not only failing to do our job but we are putting the children at great risk. This is when children could result in being at risk of abuse or even death. In the case of Victoria Climbie agencies did not follow the policies and procedures correctly and did not do their duty of care and keep her safe. There was a lack of communication between the agencies this sadly resulted in victorias death. Communication is vital because without communication no one can fully understand the childs case and keep them safe from more potent ional risk or in this case death.When a serious case is reviewed NSPCC and other agencies have to come up with other suggestions to ensure that what happened to victoria does not happen to other children. 1. 5 – Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that c overs data protection, information handling and sharing. At my work setting all information about the child has to be kept safe. All files have to be locked away , all information on the computer has to be locked with passwords. The school only collects the necessary information , the Childs name, dob, address, parent/ carer , allergies .The school always has to be informed of any changes to the childs details. If the child moves schools all information has to be deleted. As well as making it part of our job role to keep all this information safe and confidential it is also the safeguarding officers role. 2. 1 – Explain the importance of safeguarding children and young people . At my work setting it is my job role to safeguard the children. I have to give the children equal chances and rights to be safe. Also to progress in their learning and development and to give them the best start in life and to teach them the skills they are going to bring into their adult life.Children need to also be safeguarded from possible neglect or abuse of any kind. If I suspected a child was being abused take for instance if I noticed the childs change in behaviour if they become very angry, violent , scared , withdrawn and also appear with bruises continusly with no explanation I would suspect from the signs that the child was being physically abused. In order to safeguard the child I would have to follow the policies and procedures to either stop or prevent the child coming to any harm. 2. 2 – Explain the importance of a child or young person – centred approach.It is important in my setting to give the child or young person a centred approach because I have to have an understanding of every individual child and understand that they all have different needs. Children all learn at different paces it can all depend on their age, background and many other things. I have to use different ways of supporting the child as some children will benefit from different learning techniques to others and to fulfil my job role I have to take this into consideration when planning for the child although children are all at different levels all child needs to be treated fairly and be given equal opportunities.This is why it is important to build a trusting relationship with the child so I have a good relationship with the child and also the parent so we can both bring out the best in the child because we have a positive relationship with the child which will result in positive outcomes. 2. 3 – Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding. In context to safeguarding it is vital that we work in partnership. This could be with other members of staff to ensure that the environment for the child is a happy and safe one and any information on the child that needs to be shared can be.This is also the case with the parents if we have any concerns about the child or any queries we should have enough of a relationship with th e parent and see if they agree or together we can come up with suggestions that would benefit the child. I need to be in partnership with outside agencies in case there is a situation with the child that I need further advice or support with. Having a partnership with the staff . Parents and outside agencies will not only be following legislations but also be safeguarding the child correctly. 2. – Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been abused or harmed. Social services – To provide support for vulnerable children and also their families. If necessary the child may have to be taken into care if the parent/ carers are not able to support the child . It is their job to find another suitable home for the child. Psychology service – provides support such as therapy to children or young people who have experienced abuse or neglect. 3. 1 – Explain why it important to ensur e children and young people are protected from harm within the work setting.It is important that I take my responsibility for the children’s safety very important. We are trusted by the parents to keep the children safe. By following my policies and procedures I ensure that I am safeguarding the child. I must make sure that I provide a safe and happy environment for the children to develop. I need to give the children an opportunity to learn and achieve. 3. 2 – Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with them. In every setting there has to be a policy and procedures folder.It is important for the policy and procedures to be available for all who enters the setting to see. The parents need to be able to know how we run the setting and deal with situations. The parent needs to be able to understand and trust the work we do in the setting. To keep the children safe we have to do daily risk assessments. We have to make sure that there are the right ratio of workers to children. We have to make sure that everyone knows their own role. Every person that enters the setting needs to sign a visitors book and anyone working with the children needs to be CRB checked.Policies and procedures have to follow guidelines and legislations. 3. 3 – Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those who practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected. If an employee has a concern they can either talk to their line manager verbally or written. They need express valid points to why there whistle blowing. If they cant talk to the line manager because it involves them then they can contact the senior management team or hr manager.All matters have to be dealt with alongside The standards board for England’s whistle blowing policy and procedure. The head of legal will decide whether it is a concern and the employee will be informed. If you do need to tell your side of the story it must be honest and factual you are not allowed to assume and have to remain professional about the matter. All personal data has to be kept confidential under the Personal Data Protection Act. All enquiries has to give the accused a fair chance to tell their side of the story before a decision is made.Once a decision is made both parties can protest if either feel it has not been dealt with correctly. 3. 4 – Explain how practioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits . There should always be two members of staff when a child is getting undressed, needs assistance in the toilet, Avoid being alone with a child in the classroom or any areas of the setting. If being alone with the child cant be avoided keep a door open and stay where you can always be seen. If a parent or carer is ever late to collect the child make sure that tow members of staff stay behind.Only in very few situations does a child need to be closely touched if the child is injured or needs to be changed. Schools should have guidelines to protect their staff and the children. Risk assessments should always be daily carried out to decrease the risk to the child. There should also be risk assessment t on outings should be carried there should be an outings policy. Under the health and safety act at work means that we have to do risk assessments to reduce the risk and to keep the children safe. 4. 1 – Describe the possible signs, symptoms , indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding.As part of my job role to safeguard children and young people I need to be able to spot a child at risk of abuse. There are different types of abuse. One type of abuse is physical abuse signs can include un explained bruising, red marks , pinch marks , swelling , burns or missing hair . The childs behavour may be scared, withdrawn or they could even be angry and violent themselves. Emotinal abuse may leave the child to be withdrawn , low self esteem, lack of confidence , they might have speech problems and find it difficult to make friends or be very clingy.The child may be very over apoligetic when they have done something wrong. Sexual abuse may result in the child having a sexually transmitted disease, cuts,abnormal swelling, discomfort , pain passing urine bloodstains on clothes or underwear . Behaviour may show the child to act in a sexual and inapproiate way , drawing pictures and fear of adults for no clear reason. Signs of neglect may leave the child to have lack of food, they may be obese because of a lack of healthy food, the child may arrive in dirty clothing, dirty skin , infection , they may be ill a lot with no medical attention.The child may be nervous attention seeking or clingy. 4. 2 – Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and proce dures of own setting. If a child alleges harm or abuse then I need to comfort the child and ensure them that there not in any trouble but warn them that I cant keep secrets. I will listen to the child carefully but I will not speak I don’t want to influence the child. Whatever the child tells me I will record and only share with my line manager or supervisor. All the records I keep must be locked away as it is confidential. . 3 – Explain the rights that children and young people and their carers have in situation were harm or abuse is suspected or alleged. If a child makes an allegation then I need to protect the child and also inform the child on the action that needs to be taken. The child has the right to be safe but also not to be questioned. Children have the right to make their own descison. 5. 1 – Explain the different types of bullying and the effect that bullying can have on children or young people. There are many types of bullying it can be verbal , p hysical , emotional and cyber bullying.Pysical can be kicking, punching ,hitting, pulling hair . Verbal abuse can be when you threaten, name call and insult someone. Emotional abuse can happen when the person says something to make the person feel low about themselves causing them to be upset. Cyber bullying is done over the internet over social networking sites , e mails , text messages. Bullying can humiliate the child or young person which makes them lack confidence and have low self esteem they may not want to take part in activities causing them to miss out on their learning and development.Being made to feel bad about yourself can lead to self harm or suicide. Anyone can be a victim of bullying so to fulfil my job role I have to ensure that I look out for the signs of bullying. 5. 3 – Explain how to support a child or young person and / or their family when bullying is suspected or alleged . In my work setting If I suspect bullying or the child has alleged bullying I ha ve to support the child and ensure them that they are not in the wrong as the child may worry about having told someone.I have to make the child aware that I cannot keep secrets I will also have to inform the child on what steps im going to take and update them when any progress is made. I would have to record what the child says to me and pass it on to my line manager I would have to keep it confidential and the records locked away. I would have to contact the children’s parents but I would have to be very understanding that the parent may be angry that’s why I would not be able to tell the parents the bullies names or any other details as I still have the responsibility to safeguard all children .I could offer the families outside agencies help such as counselling to help the child build self esteem. 6. 1 – Explain how to support children and young peoples self confidence and self esteem . It is important to always build a Childs confidence as it will help the ir learning and development. By planning the Childs activities to their suitable needs the child will feel able and capable to do their activities. Giving the child jobs to help you may make the child feel good and helpful .My facial expressions could also help the child by smiling and giving the child eye contact and lowering down to their level will make them feel equal. Actions like high five or thumbs up show that I am positive about the child. Using positive words would make a big difference to such as well done! that’s great work! I’m proud of you! Keep it up! Stickers and badges are a good way also because the child can show off their good work or behaviour to peers, other members of staff and their parents . Reward charts are also a good way of monitoring the Childs progress or strength. . 2 – Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in children and young people. In my setting it is important to support resilience because it builds on the childs c onfidence. They will be more likely to be confident and be less likely to be a victim of bullying. 6. 3 – Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have stratigies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety. In my setting it is important that the child makes their own decisions and can also protect themselves and keep them safe from potential harm.They need to have the understanding and confidence to say no and if anything did happen to them they would understand that it is wrong and know to tell an adult. The child needs to understand appropriate behaviour towards members of staff and other peers. Kissing and hugging and sitting on peoples laps doesn’t need to happen. In my setting when your happy with one of your friends or you like them they put their thumbs up to each other this is a way of showing praise and friendliness without having contact. 6. – Explain ways of empowering children and young people to ma ke positive and informed choices that support their well being and safety. By giving children choices it will make them more confident as part of my job I will give them guidance in their choices. If I maintain a positive attitude and make positive decisions in front of the children they will be more inclined to also make the right decision. 7. 1 – Explain the risks and possible consequences for children and young people of being online and of using a mobile phone. Being online can put children in many danger.Children can be very trusting and vulnerable it is easy to talk to strangers and believe they could be someone else. They can be befriended by people they don’t know. This could put them in danger. They can go on social networking sites such as face book and skype and share photos or videos or even enclose personal and private details. They can also be a victim of cyber bullying. Using a mobile phone can make it easier to contact young children allowing them to be contacted by people without their parents knowing or agreeing to they can also be targeted to being robbed if being are aware they own a phone. . 2 – Describe ways of reducing the risk to children and young people. When on the internet you can reduce the risk by only having friends you know to talk to and also not sharing actual pictures or videos with people or any personal information. When having a phone only take numbers off people you know and also giving out your numbers to people you know not having your phone out in public and if you have any numbers that you do not recognise don’t answer it and tell an adult.